Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Minna MikkolaSammendrag
Public catering in Finland has strong historical roots from the 19th century, connected with the rise of the national state, industrialisation, democracy and modern times in general. The school meal system developed hand in hand with work place meal services, and inherently the aim was to offer lateral support for workers" and pupils" activities by healthy and wholesome nutrition. The public catering had initially a strong label of welfare services and implied economical use of ingredients. Later on, the character of public service of the welfare state was emphasised, as public catering was perceived as a way to promote equality between citizens. The public meal system, and school meal system as part of it, represented not a self-evident and "natural" developmental path, but can be seen as a result of extensive political, economic and organisational efforts, even fights. Further on, the nutritional and cultural orientations were strengthened when the public school meal system was made a statutory free service for all pupils, first in basic education, and later in secondary education. Today the Finnish welfare state meets the challenge of greying societies and decreasing labour force, and the school meal system, as all public provision systems, in confronted with the trend for increased efficiency and economical operations, including food procurement. Even within these restrictive organisational environments, there is interest in environmentally friendly food and sustainable development by public caterers, municipal officials and politicians of all parties. While the conventional meal system is the prevailing one, there are also movements towards sustainable catering in hundreds of schools around Finland, connected to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) program. The report is produced within the project "innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth", iPOPY, and will be updated and revised during the project period (2007-2010).
Forfattere
Peder Lombnæs Andrew C. Chang Bal Ram SinghSammendrag
Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the interactive effects of an organic ligand, a competing cation, and PH on the dissolution of zinc (Zn) from three California soils, Maymen sandy loam, Merced clay, and Yolo clay loam. The concentrations of soluble Zn of the three soils were low in a background solution of Ca(NO3)(2). Citric acid, a common organic ligand found in the rhizosphere, was effective in mobilizing Zn in these soils; its presence enhanced the concentration of Zn in soil solution by citrate forming a complex with Zn. The ability of Zn to form a complex with citric acid in the soil solution was dependent on the concentration of citric acid, PH, and the concentration of the competing cation Ca2+. The PH of the soil solution determined the extent of desorption of Zn in solid phase in the presence of citric acid. The amounts of Zn released from the solid phase were proportional to the concentration of citric acid and inversely proportional to the concentration of Ca(NO3)(2) background solution, which supplied the competing cation Ca2+ for the formation of a complex with citrate. When the soil suspension was spiked with Zn, the adsorption of Zn by the soils was retarded by citric acid via the formation of the soluble Zn-citrate complex. The dissolution of Zn in the presence of citric acid was PH dependent in both adsorption and desorption processes.
Forfattere
Aina LundonSammendrag
Presentasjon av prosjektet "Organic proteinfeed and edible oil from oilseed crops" og resultater og erfaringer fra feltforsøkene i 2007.
Forfattere
Arvid Steen Turid Strøm Aksel BernhoftSammendrag
Background Selenium is part of the antioxidant defence system in animals and humans. The available selenium concentration in soil is low in many regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic versus inorganic selenium supplementation on selenium status of ewes, their lambs, and slaughter lambs. Methods Ewes on four organic farms were allocated five or six to 18 pens. The ewes were given either 20 mg/kg inorganic selenium as sodium selenite or organic selenium as selenized nonviable yeast supplementation for the two last months of pregnancy. Stipulated selenium concentrations in the rations were below 0.40 mg/kg dry matter. In addition 20 male lambs were given supplements from November until they were slaughtered in March. Silage, hay, concentrates, and individual ewe blood samples were taken before and after the mineral supplementation period, and blood samples were taken from the newborn lambs. Blood samples from ewes and lambs in the same pens were pooled. Muscle samples were taken from slaughter lambs in March. Selenium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with a hydride generator system. In the ANOVA model, selenium concentration was the continuous response variable, and selenium source and farm were the nominal effect variables. Two-sample t-test was used to compare selenium concentrations in muscle samples from the slaughtered lambs that received either organic or inorganic selenium supplements. Results In all ewe pens the whole blood selenium concentrations increased during the experimental period. In addition, ewe pens that received organic selenium had significantly higher whole blood selenium concentrations (mean 0.28 "g/g) than ewe pens that received inorganic selenium (mean 0.24 "g/g). Most prominent, however, was the difference in their lambs; whole blood mean selenium concentration in lambs from mothers that received organic selenium (mean 0.27 "g/g) was 30% higher than in lambs from mothers that received inorganic selenium (mean 0.21 "g/g). Slaughter lambs that received organic selenium had 50% higher meat selenium concentrations (mean 0.12 mg/kg wet weight) than lambs that received inorganic selenium (mean 0.08 mg/kg wet weight). Conclusion Organic selenium supplementation gave higher selenium concentration in ewe and newborn lamb blood and slaughter lamb meat than inorganic selenium supplementation.
Forfattere
Arvid Steen Turid Strøm Aksel BernhoftSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
· Gjødsling med en kombinasjon av Gro-Power® og Arena® gav bedre helhetsinntrykk og jamnere farge, men også mer sjukdom enn gjødsling med Arena® alene. · Grunngjødsling før såing med den organiske gjødseltypen Sustane 4-6-4 gav raskere inngroing enn grunngjødsling med Fullgjødsel®. Etter den tidlige inngroingsfasen var derimot helhetsinntrykket dårligere ved gjødsling med bare Sustane enn ved gjødsling med bare Arena®. · Forsøksruter gjødsla med de organiske gjødseltypene Golf Algin, Bio Kombi og Flex" gav dårligere helhetsinntrykk enn forsøksruter gjødsla med Arena®. Resultater framgår også av Bioforsk Report 2(61).
Forfattere
Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
Resultater fra årets middelprøving i skogplanteskoler - ugrasmidler.
Forfattere
Lars Tørres Havstad Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Kontraktarealet av konvensjonelt og økologisk dyrka frø som var meldt inn til høsting i 2007 var totalt 30205 daa. Dette er en nedgang på om lag 3,5 prosent sammenlignet med tilsvarende areal i 2006. Nedgangen skyldtes først og fremst mindre høsteareal av Grindstad timotei. Dette har igjen sammenheng med at om lag 1000 daa andreårseng i Vestfold ble tatt ut av produksjon og høsta som høyensilasje i stedet. Timotei, engsvingel, rødkløver og engrapp dominerte den norske frøavlen i 2007, med henholdsvis 44, 22, 15 og 6 % av det totale arealet. Av timoteiarealet utgjorde de tre sortene Grindstad, Vega og Noreng henholdsvis 66, 27 og 7 %, mens Norild, Fure og Stella ble frøavlet på henholdsvis 37, 56 og 7 % av det totale engsvingelarealet. Av rødkløver ble det dyrket mest frø av Lea (54%), Bjursele (35%), Nordi (6%) og Reipo (5%) Av de "mindre artene" var det økning i arealet av bladfaks, strandrør, krypkvein, flerårig raigras og hybridraigras, mens arealet av engkvein, hvitkløver og rødsvingel ble redusert i 2007 sammenlignet med året før. Det ble i 2007 høsta 43 frøavlsforsøk. Forsøka ble gjennomført på Bioforsk Øst Landvik (16 felt) og i regi av Vestfold forsøksring (7 felt), Buskerud forsøksring (5 felt), Hedmark forsøksring (3 felt), Telemark forsøksring (5 felt), Forsøksringen SørØst (2 felt), Forsøksringen FABIO (2 felt), Trøndelag forsøksring (2 felt) og Romerike forsøksring (1 felt).
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gro Hege Ludvigsen Olav LodeSammendrag
Rapporten presenterer resultatene av overvåkingen av pesticider i perioden 1995-2006. Resultatene er presentert for ett pesticid om gangen og oppsummerer funn av pesticider i bekker, elver, grunnvann, grøftevann, episodestudier, nedbør og sediment. Resultatene er presentert i tabeller og med en kort tekst som oppsummerer de viktigste resultatene og midlenes egenskaper.