Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Espen Tangen Aarnes Geir Østereng Michael Schneider Toumo Ollila John D. C. Linnell John Odden Jenny Mattisson Vegar Pedersen Jon Ove Scheie Aleksander Rykov Anatoly Khokhlov Olga Makarova Natalia Polikarpova Askild Solberg Harri Norberg Valery Barcan Arnodd HåpnesSammendrag
Rovdyr har alltid vært et fascinerende tema, med evne til å skape stort engasjement. Rovdyr er også en kilde til konflikter, men konfliktnivået varierer sterkt mellom de ulike Barentslandene. Dette er blant annet forårsaket av store forskjeller i distriktspolitikk, forvaltningsstrategier og ertsatningspraksis mellom de fire landene. Rovdyrkonfliktene i Norge er et yndet tema for media, og noe som skaper sterke følelser hos flere enn de som mister sau og rein. NRK sitt Brennpunkt "Offerlammene" (januar 2008) med påfølgende debattprogram var et godt eksempel på dette. I årets Barentswatch ønsker vi blant annet å belyse forskjellene i forvaltningspolitikken i Barentsregionen ved å la forvaltningsmyndigheter i de respektive land skrive hver sin artikkel.
Forfattere
Atle Hauge Anne-Grete Buseth Blankenberg Ola HanserudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne-Kristin Løes Benjamin Nölting Niels Heine Kristensen Roberto Spigarolo Carola Strassner Gun Roos Minna Mikkola Bent Egberg MikkelsenSammendrag
One of eight pilot projects in the European CORE Organic programme, innovative Public Organic food Procurement for Youth, (iPOPY) will study efficient ways of implementing organic food in public serving outlets for young people (2007-10). By analysing practical cases of school meal systems and other food serving outlets for youth, we will identify hindrances and promoting factors in the participating countries (Denmark, Finland, Italy and Norway). Policies, supply chains, certification systems, the young consumers" perception and participation, and health effects of implementation of organic policies and menus are focussed in iPOPY. The main aim is to suggest efficient policies and comprehensive strategies to increase the consumption of organic food among young consumers in a public setting, and fostering sustainable nutrition. Interdisciplinary project tools under development will be presented along with the first project results, which will be available by June 2008.
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
There is hardly any commercial growing of agricultural crops for energy purposes in Norway. Cereal straw is to some extent used as solid biofuel. The agricultural area constitutes only 3 % of the total land surface in Norway, and the area is so far used for grassland (65 %) and arable crops for food and feed (35 %). There is no reason to believe that production of energy crops will increase significantly in Norway in the near future, partly due to political reasons. In Denmark, Finland and Sweden cultivation of energy crops has been commercial for several years. The objective of this presentation is to give a review of the significance and types of possible energy crops in the Nordic countries, and particularly in Norway.
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Knut Anders Hovstad Mikael OhlsonSammendrag
A field experiment was conducted in a semi-natural grassland to study the interspecific variation in the effect of litter on seedling emergence and establishment and separate physical from chemical effects. Seeds of seven forb species were sown in plots subjected to either litter amendment (0, 400 or 900 g m–2) or water extracts of litter (corresponding to 400 and 900 g litter m–2). In addition, an extract was treated with activated carbon to estimate the possible effects of secondary chemical compounds.The response to plant litter differed amongst species: negative, neutral and positive responses were observed. Anthriscus sylvestris was the only species with a strong positive response to litter. We found no consistent relation between seed size and response to plant litter. Physical effects of litter were generally stronger than chemical effects. However, water extract of litter inhibited emergence in three species. Activated carbon removed the negative effect of the litter extract, which suggests that the effect was caused by an inhibitory chemical compound rather than by increased competition in response to nutrients added via the extract. The balance between facilitative and inhibitory effects of litter depended on species identity and litter quantity. Facilitative effects dominated at low and intermediate quantities of litter, and inhibitory effects at high litter quantities. One species, Campanula rotundifolia, showed a switch from positive to negative responses with increasing quantities of litter. However, we found no general threshold for litter quantity valid across species.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
Some ideas connected to the scope of scientific work in agronomy and agro meteorology and the scope of the scientific principle are outlined. Then the concepts of ‘sustainability" and ‘sustainable agriculture" are presented, and the content of different definitions of these concepts is discussed. Especially the idea of sustainability as conservation of important relations is discussed.Then the concept and principle of an allodial farm or free farm, connected to Norwegian law and Norwegian traditions is presented and the history of the present law is briefly outlined. Also traditions for passage of farms from one generation to the next generation in a few other European countries are mentioned. Then the concept of allodial farm is connected to the challenges of global change of Northern Europe, and the existing ideas of commercial agriculture.The following idea is discussed: "The idea of changing the focus in agricultural production from maximizing the crop yield to keeping the ecological system of the farming and the local area sound and in shape". Man is an organism like other organisms. He ought to take care of his surroundings and the other species, to take care of a totality of biological systems on the Earth. Probably no god or gods will take care of him if he does not succeed in doing this. The content of the concepts of adaptation and mitigation connected to global change is also finally mentioned.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
An overview of an interpretation of the sicetific principle used in meteorology and agro meterorology is presented.And some implications of this interpretation connected to documentation of quatitative data and models is shortly discussed.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
Climate change scenarios provide alternative plausible future climate for the planet, each being an example of what might happen under a particular set of assumptions. Scenarios are not specific predictions or forecasts. Scenarios provide starting points for examining questions about the uncertain future climate.Some of the main processes connected to exchange of energy of the atmosphere of the planet usually are connected to radiation of short wave and long wave electromagnetic radiation. The global albedo of the short wave radiation is one important parameter, and the processes connected of the greenhouse gases water vapour and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are extremely important elements of future scenarios.The total amount of output of fossil carbon into the atmosphere is of importance as well as the natural cycle of the carbon. Also there exist several important positive feedback systems. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is connected to the temperature of the air, or to be more specific the saturation vapour pressure of the water in the air is increasingly dependent on the temperature of the air. Usually a warm atmosphere then will contain more water vapour than a cold atmosphere, and this will make the atmosphere even warmer because water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas connected to long wave radiation.The ice cover of the Arctic and Antarctic regions as well as the glaciers in the high mountainous areas on the Earth are important for keeping the albedo of the short wave radiation of globe high. When the glaciers and the ice cover are melting, the albedo is decreasing and the consequence seems to be even more melting of ice.The ultimate worst case scenario seems to be that the ice cover and the glaciers of the planet melt down and the oceans receive all this water. The present situation seems to be like this:The total energy of short wave radiation, received by the planet: 100 unitsPlanetary albedo: 30%Total energy connected to the water cycle. 21 unitsAmount of yearly precipitation totally: 1000mmAverage residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphere: 10 daysTotal volume of ice on the planet: 33 x 106 km3 (~ 60 m of sea level equivalent)Total amount of CO2 in the atmosphere: 385 ppmIn order to understand the content and the challenge of the different scenarios I would like to know the value of the following parameters (every 5th year) of the scenarios:AlbedoTotal energy connected to the water cycleAmount of yearly precipitation totallyAverage residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphereTotal mass of ice on the planetTotal amount of CO2 in the atmosphere