Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Daniele Castagneri Ken Olaf StoraunetSammendrag
A long-term increase in radial tree growth has been reported in tropical (Lloyd & Farquhar 2008), temperate (Spiecker 1996, Voelker et al. 2006), alpine (Rolland et al. 1998) and boreal forests (Hofgaard et al. 1999) over the last decades. Variations in forest growth patterns have been ascribed to different causes, such as longer growing seasons due to climate warming (Hu et al. 2010), changes in land management practices (Hunter & Shuck, 2002), nitrogen deposition (Magnani et al. 2007), and atmospheric CO2 enhancement (Voelker et al. 2006). Tree-ring analyses provide detailed information on the past growth of forests. In order to assess the effect of climate change on forest growth, non-climatic variation should be removed from treering series. The effect of endogenous (inter-tree competition) and exogenous (insects attacks, fires, storms, human influence, etc.) disturbances on tree-ring series can be detected and reduced by considering trees from different sites. Furthermore, as tree-ring width generally decreases as trees grow older and larger, age-related growth trend should be removed, to preserve climatic lowfrequency variability of chronologies. Different detrending methods used to remove non-climatic variations need to be adapted to the objectives of a particular study....
Forfattere
Kjell Andreassen Bernt-Håvard ØyenSammendrag
Fourteen Nordic increment functions have been validated by use of with a test data set from long-term research plots in Norway of even-aged, pure stands of Scots pine, Birch and Norway spruce. In selected functions from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden measures of site productivity, mean tree size and various stand characteristics are represented. Different models display both strengths and weaknesses in their predicting ability. Some measures of precision and bias have been calculated and the functions are ranked due to their performance. Basal area increment models for spruce and pine from Sweden, and a Finish volume increment model for birch has the best fit to the Norwegian test data. Some of the growth models developed outside Norway estimate the growth with about the same accuracy as the models frequently used and developed in Norway. The results indicate that forest conditions and traditional even-aged forest management practice in the Nordic countries seem to have small influence on the relative growth of even-aged stands. By careful recalibration of existing functions from other Nordic countries with data from Norway, a reasonable accuracy could be achieved in Norwegian forest with a reduction of the bias.
Sammendrag
Askeskuddsjuke er på frammarsj i Norge og i Europa. I 2010 var det imidlertid ikke så dramatisk som året før, men på våre overvåkingsflater har vi registrert en liten nedgang i kronetetthet. Så det er all grunn til fortsatt bekymring. Det er stor forskningsaktivitet i mange land, og nå vet vi også hvilken sopp som er årsaken. I tillegg begynner det å komme rapporter om andre askearter som er mottakelige for sjukdommen.
Forfattere
Bruce Talbot Morten NittebergSammendrag
In the coastal region of Norway, large volumes of relatively inaccessible plantation timber are maturing for harvest. The economic feasibility of accessing much of this timber has limited the level of harvesting activity considerably. Harvesting planners are faced with the classic dilemma of finding the appropriate level of investment in infrastructure, as against inoptimal transportation. In this paper, we present results from a simple deterministic simulation carried out to illustrate the efficiency frontiers of three transport methods, one of which requires a substantial investment in road upgrading. Results depend on assumptions made, but clearly show that in these conditions, upgrading roads for truck+trailer transport should be evaluated on a cases by case basis. Forest road length and condition, public road distance to conversion site, and investment level all play important roles in the decision structure. In the coastal regions, road upgrades would generally need to be justified by benefits other than timber harvesting alone.
Forfattere
Christian PedersenSammendrag
Mange av fugleartene som finnes i jordbrukets kulturlandskap sliter i Europa, men også i Norge. I Norge er det 3Q-prosjektet til Norsk institutt for skog og landskap som gjennomfører overvåkning av fugler i jordbrukslandskapet – i tett samarbeid med Norsk Ornitologisk Forening.
Forfattere
Lars Sandved DalenSammendrag
No kan du gå på nettet og sjå økologisk kart over Norge. Det er resultat av 40 års arbeid og kan bli spesielt viktig for beitenæringa.
Forfattere
Lars Sandved DalenSammendrag
Treng du hjelp til å finne bær, jaktbytte eller godt beite? Løysinga kan vere eit økologisk kartverk som dekkjer over 20 000 km² av Noreg, og som no blir tilgjengeleg for alle.
Sammendrag
Norsk genressurssenter
Forfattere
Bernt-Håvard ØyenSammendrag
Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) is native to the Pacific North West of America and was introduced to Western Europe in the early 19th century. It is now an important commercial species along the extreme western seaboard of Europe – namely Ireland and Great Britain – and this is where most progress has been made in the area of selection and breeding. Sitka spruce has been the subject of more limited selection and breeding work in some other European countries where it is of secondary or minor significance - Denmark, France, Germany, and Norway. These programmes have now effectively come to a close due to perceived lack of importance. In Sweden Sitka spruce is being planted at an increasing rate and is seen as a species of great potential in the light of climate change. This monograph presents details and statistics relating to Sitka spruce breeding across Europe. It summarises the work carried out to date (plus trees, field testing, orchards), the gains achieved, knowledge of genetic relationships between selection traits, and acts as a conduit to further references for the interested reader.
Forfattere
Felix Herzog Katalin Balázs Peter Dennis Tetyana Dyman Wendy Fjellstad Jürgen Friedel Salah Garchi Philippe Jeanneret Rob Jongman Maximilian Kainz Gerardo Moreno Charles Nkwiine Maurizio Paoletti Philippe Pointereau Jean-Pierre Sarthou Siyka Stoyanova Davide ViaggiSammendrag
Farmland biodiversity is an important component of Europe’s biodiversity. More than half the continent is occupied by agricultural lands. They host specific habitats and species, which - in addition to their conservation values they provide - perform vital ecological functions. Indicators are needed to enable the monitoring of biodiversity at the farm level for the purpose of assessing the impacts of farming practices and of agricultural policies. Our research aims at identifying farmland biodiversity indicators which are scientifically sound, operational and relevant for stakeholders. We screened the literature for farmland biodiversity indicators and, in an iterative process with stakeholders, we identified 28 candidate indicators for genetic, species and habitat diversity. Those selected biodiversity indicators, as well as 14 management indicators that are known to relate to biodiversity, were assessed in 12 case study regions across Europe. Each case study region represents a typical production system (i.e. specialist field crops, horticulture and permanent crops; specialist grazing with cattle and other livestock types; mixed crop and livestock farming). In each region, 8-20 farms were randomly selected, mostly within the two groups of organic and non-organic farms, to obtain a gradient of farming intensity. Indicators were measured applying standardized sampling procedures and farm interviews. Sampling effort was recorded in order to assess the cost of indicator measurement. For each case study region, biodiversity indicators are presently being evaluated in conjunction with management indicators. Surrogate indicators will be proposed when possible and indicators will be prioritized taking into account their validity, practicality, cost and priority for stakeholders. Based on preliminary results, the presentation will focus on the specific challenges of farm level monitoring, addressing issues of sampling design within the farms and up-scaling from plot to farm to region. Part of this research was funded by the EU FP7 contract KBBE-2B-227161. For more information consult www.biobio-indicator.org