Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Sammendrag
The osmotic method has been used for many years in Norway and Sweden as a routine method for detection of Pyrenophora teres (anamorph Drechslera teres) and P. graminea (anamorph D. graminea) on barley. The method is based on the ability of Pyrenophora spp. to produce red pigments. However, it cannot distinguish between P. teres and P. graminea because they produce the same pigment. A validation study has been carried out with the aim to provide the necessary documentation for including the method in the International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA Rules). Seven laboratories participated and each tested 3 x 300 seeds of three barley seed lots. Analyses of the results demonstrate that the method gives sufficient repeatability and there is no particular problem with this test at a laboratory level. Furthermore, in previous studies with the osmotic method organized by a Nordic working group, it has been shown that the osmotic method easily gives reproducible results for Pyrenophora teres/P. graminea in barley when used by experienced laboratories. Moreover, the osmotic method is well suited for routine analyses because it is quick and easy to carry out. The study showed, that if used correctly and with proper equipment the osmotic method for detection of Pyrenophora teres/P. graminea is easy to perform and it showed good conformity amongst laboratories.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
A.J. Ward Anne-Kristin LøesSammendrag
This article examines the potential of fish waste for liquid and gaseous biofuels, with focus on Norway but also some consideration of other markets. Fish production and processing wastes are a significant source of material for bioenergy production. Norway is a country of high fish production, but currently low development of the bioenergy sector due to the ample availability of hydropower. World fish consumption per capita nearly doubled over the last 45 years. The resulting increase in fish processing wastes and the expansion of the renewable energy market imply that fish processing wastes could play a part in the future of biofuels. Fish processing wastes rich in fat may be used for biodiesel, although blending with other diesels may be necessary to meet biodiesel specification standards. Fish processing wastes are also suitable for biogas production, although these materials will have to be added as a co-substrate to boost the biogas production of plants treating agricultural or municipal wastes, due to the inhibitory effects of long chain fatty acids and high protein concentrations. A sustainable use of biogas in Norway would be as fuel for vehicles, as is the preferred future utilization in neighboring Sweden. In other countries with better developed gas grids, an increasing proportion of biogas will likely be used for grid injection to replace natural gas.
Forfattere
Thomas Alfoeldi Urs Gantner Mette Vaarst (Eds.) Bo Algers Phillipa Nicholas Elisabeth Gratzer Britt I.F. Henriksen Cecilie Mejdell Berit Hansen Becky Whay Michael Walkenhorst Gidi Smolders Silvia Ivemeyer M Hassing Stephen Roderick (Eds.) Christine Leeb Christoph Winckler Elisabeth Stöger Jan Brinkmann Johann Huber Solveig March Lindsay WhistanceSammendrag
The process of minimising medicine use through dialogue based animal health and welfare planning. Livestock are important in many organic farming systems, and it is an explicit goal to ensure high levels of animal health and welfare (AHW) through good management. In two previous EU network projects, NAHWOA & SAFO, it was concluded that this is not guaranteed merely by following organic standards. Both networks recommended implementation of individual animal health plans to stimulate organic farmers to improve AHW. These plans should include a systematic evaluation of AHW and be implemented through dialogue with each farmer in order to identify goals and plan improvements. 11 research institutions in 7 European countries have been involved in the ANIPLAN project with the main objective to minimise medicine use in organic dairy herds through active and well planned AHW promotion and disease prevention. The project consisted of 5 work packages, 4 of which comprised research activities building on current research projects, new applications across borders, exchange of knowledge, results and conclusions between participating countries, and adopting them to widely different contexts. International and national workshops have facilitated this exchange. In the project, animal health and welfare planning principles for organic dairy farms under diverse conditions were developed. Animal health and welfare assessments, based on the WelfareQuality parameters, were conducted in different types of organic dairy herds across Europe. Finally, guidelines for communication about animal health and welfare promotion in different settings were also developed relevant to both existing animal health advisory services or farmer groups such as the Danish Stable School system and the Dutch network program. These proceedings contain the presentations at the final workshop, which also included invited external guests. The proceedings also contain three reports which are deliverables of the project. They are focused on the process of planning for better animal health and welfare, and how farmers and facilitators manage this situation. The focus areas are animal health planning, AHW assessment using animal based parameters and development of advisory systems and farmer groups.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The Ritland structure is a newly discovered impact structure, which is located in southwestern Norway. The structure is the remnant of a simple crater 2.5 km in diameter and 350 m deep, which was excavated in Precambrian gneissic rocks. The crater was filled by sediments in Cambrian times and covered by thrust nappes of the Caledonian orogen in the Silurian–Devonian. Several succeeding events of uplift, erosion, and finally the Pleistocene glaciations, disclosed this well-preserved structure. The erosion has exposed brecciated rocks of the original crater floor overlain by a thin layer of melt-bearing rocks and postimpact crater-filling breccias, sandstones, and shales. Quartz grains with planar deformation features occur frequently within the melt-bearing unit, confirming the impact origin of the structure. The good exposures of infilling sediments have allowed a detailed reconstruction of the original crater morphology and its infilling history based on geological field mapping.
Sammendrag
Understanding the driving forces affecting species occurrences is a prerequisite for determining the indicator suitability of crenic plants. We analysed 18 environmental variables in a two-step approach, evaluating their ability to explain the species composition of 222 springs on five siliceous mountain ranges, in central Germany and north-west Czech Republic (49.9°–50.8°N, 10.6°–12.8°E). First, we identified the significant environmental variables in three subsets of spatial, hydrophysical and hydrochemical variables using a forward-selection procedure. We then performed a partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA) to estimate the influence of each subset alone, as well as in combinations. We also used a multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) to compare the five regions with respect to the dissimilarity of their vegetation composition and environmental variables. Hydrochemical factors played a fundamental role in determining the plant community of the investigated springs. Spatial factors, in particular altitude, were correlated with the hydrochemical factors, but were less important. Hydrophysical factors played only a marginal role. More precisely, species occurrence was mainly driven by a gradient of nutrient availability, which in turn reflected the acidity status. This gradient was primarily represented by high Al, Cd, and Mn concentrations in acidic crenic waters, high Ca and Mg concentrations were encountered in circumneutral springs. By comparing the five regions we could show that there are spatial patterns in the vegetation of springs, which provide valuable ecological information on the water quality. We therefore suggest that biomonitoring approaches to vegetation are suitable for revealing the acidity status of springs and their forested catchments.
Forfattere
Clemens Reimann Tor Erik Finne Øystein Nordgulen Arnold Arnoldussen Peter EnglmaierSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arild AndersenSammendrag
Different methods to reduce the population of Arion lusitanicus are being tested in private gardens already infested naturally with the slug, as well as in arenas in the laboratory. After the first 2 years out of a 4 year project the following preliminary trends have been observed: Untreated gardens had the highest populations. Gardens with owners trapping and killing slugs had the lowest populations. Gardens that were rearranged to become drier had intermediate populations. In arenas in the laboratory, slugs avoided cocoa chips mulch and alginate.
Forfattere
Arild AndersenSammendrag
Preliminary results from a Norwegian research project 2005-2008 on Arion lusitanicus was presented. In private gardens handpicking had the strongest effect on the population size, but creating relatively dry and open gardens, and removing suitable overwintering sites also had effect. The geographic distribution and life cycle are also presented. Foreløpige resultater fra et norsk forskningsprosjekt 2005-2008 på Iberiaskogsnegl ble presentert. I privathager hadde håndplukk den sterkeste effekten på populasjonsstørrelsen, men også det å skape relativt tørre og åpne hager, og å fjerne gunstige overvintringssteder hadde effekt. Artens utbredelse og livssyklus i Norge ble også presentert.