Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
De siste årene har det blitt rapportert om stedvis kraftige angrep av gransnutebiller i foryngelsesfelt i Norge. En undersøkelse ble utført på Vestlandet og i Trøndelag i 2009, og det var et ønske fra skognæring og -forvaltning å utføre en tilsvarende undersøkelse på Øst- og Sørlandet. Til sammen 142 foryngelsesfelt i fylkene Østfold, Akershus, Hedmark, Oppland, Buskerud, Vestfold, Telemark, Aust-Agder og Vest-Agder ble undersøkt høsten 2010. Disse var plantet til i 2009 eller 2010, og det hadde ikke gått mer enn to sesonger siden hogst ved tilplantingen. På hvert felt ble alle kulturplantene på 20 sirkelflater á 20 m2 undersøkt for snutebillegnag og andre skader, og vitaliteten ble bedømt i fire klasser. For hvert felt ble variabler som høyde over havet, flatestørrelse, jordfuktighet, helling, eksposisjon og plantetype registrert....
Forfattere
Arnstein ØvrumSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
Scaling accuracy is of utmost importance to obtain optimal yield in log breakdown. In this paper we have combined sawmill experience, a review of available publications and supplementary observations to analyse the accuracy of roundwood scaling for Norway spruce and Scots pine. The influence of ovality, bark thickness variation and bark damage were analysed for scaling in one-directional and two- directional shadow scanners, and for three-dimensional (3D) reflected beam scanners. The overall accuracy for diameter under bark can be calculated by adding the variances for each independent term. For unbarked logs, shadow scanners with two perpendicular directions are most accurate. Results show that 3D scanners are most accurate, provided used for barked logs. For a case study, transferring from scaling unbarked logs in a two-dimensional shadow scanner to a full 3D scan of barked logs reduced annual roundwood consumption by 2.0%.
Forfattere
Lillian ØygardenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arnold ArnoldussenSammendrag
Publiced earlier in English in 2006. In 2011 revised and translated into Chinese.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Current risk assessment procedures for contaminated land and for pesticides often fail to properly characterize the risk of chemicals for environment or human health and provide only a rough estimate of the potential risk of chemicals. Chemicals often occur in mixtures in the environment, while regulatory agencies often use a chemical-by-chemical approach, focusing on a single media, a single source, and a single toxic endpoint. Further, the importance of soil microbes and their activity in the functioning of soils impose a need to include microorganisms in soil quality assessments including terrestrial ecotoxicological studies. Numerous papers have been published on the effects of different contaminants on soil microbes, establishing changes in soil microbial diversity as an indicator of soil pollution. However, only a limited number of molecular studies focus on changes in fungal species when investigating soil microbial diversity. The main objective of the study presented here, is to assess the applicability of changes in soil microbial diversity and activity levels as indicators of ecologically relevant effects of chemicals contamination. We will achieve this through studies of effects of the fungicide picoxystrobin and the chemical 4-n-nonylphenol on the microbial biodiversity in a Norwegian sandy loam, with focus both on prokaryotes and the fungal species. Laboratory incubation experiments at 20°C with soil samples treated with the single chemicals or mixtures, with continuous monitoring of respiration activity as well as occasional destructive sampling for extraction of soil DNA, RNA, and chemical residues, was performed through a 70 d period. Results from amplification of soil bacterial and fungal DNA followed by T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length) analyses to assess chemicals effects on soil microbial diversity, indicate significant effects of the studied chemicals on soil microbial community structure. To identify specific bacterial or fungal groups that are affected, an assessment of the effects of the chemicals on the soil microbial metagenome by high throughput shot-gun sequencing (454 sequencing) is in progress This work is part of the research project ‘Bioavailability and biological effects of chemicals - Novel tools in risk assessment of mixtures in agricultural and contaminated soils’ funded by the Norwegian research council.
Forfattere
Arne HermansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag