Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Forfattere
Gunnhild JaastadSammendrag
Fleire insektartar skadar frukta inni fordi dei til dømes har larver som utviklar seg der. Rognebærmøll er eit eksempel. Registreringar viser at ein kan finna larver/gangar i fruktkjøtet sjølv om det berre er eit lite stikk på utsida. Når plantevernmiddel forsvinn vil det gjera sorteringsarbeidet vanskeleg og tidkrevande for å unngå at skada frukt kjem på marknaden. Det gjeld både produsent og fruktpakkeri. Korleis løyser ein dette?
2025
Forfattere
Mikarlsen, NoraSammendrag
Pest control is a central part of modern strawberry farming. Spider mites are one of the most common pests in strawberries, and can cause significant reduction in yield. In order to properly manage and control spider mite populations, early detection is crucial. This thesis sets out to detect two-spotted spider mites (TSSM) in strawberries using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). A variety of methods have explored including visual inspection of the spectrum and its derivatives, as well as the use of vegetation indices (VIs). In addition, this thesis also explores machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for early detection of TSSM. The mean spectrum from the images was used for classification in combination with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Random Forest Classifier. Two separate Random Forest models were trained, one that distinguished between control, drought, and mite-infested strawberry plants, and one five-class with three different infestation levels, in addition to control and drought group. The three-class model achieved an F1-score of 0.86, while the five-class model had an F1-score of 0.845. The images themselves were used for classification by a ResNet18 model. The model was trained for each imaging day separately, and achieved accuracies in the range of 0.7-0.9 and F1-scores between 0.709-0.903. The work presented in this thesis highlights the capabilities of HSI in combination with ML and DL for early detection of TSSM in strawberries.
Forfattere
Ivan M De-la-Cruz Femke Batsleer Dries Bonte Carolina Diller José Luis Izquierdo Sonja Still Sonia Osorio David Posé Aurora de la Rosa Martijn L. Vandegehuchte Anne Muola Timo Hytönen Johan A StenbergSammendrag
Climate change creates novel environmental conditions that plant species must adapt to. Since plants are finely tuned to the seasonality of their environments, shifts in their phenology serve as some of the most compelling evidence of climate change’s impact. Understanding how key fitness-related phenological traits, such as flowering onset, respond to novel environments is crucial for assessing species’ plasticity and/or adaptive potential under climate change. Here, we investigated the onset of flowering in Fragaria vesca (woodland strawberry; Rosaceae) by translocating genotypes between four sites along a south–north gradient in Europe, encompassing its entire latitudinal distribution range with varying temperatures, precipitation patterns, and photoperiods. At each site, we included a reduced precipitation treatment using rainout shelters to simulate drought conditions and assess their impact on flowering onset. Our findings revealed that southern and central European genotypes exhibited a delayed onset of flowering when translocated to the northernmost site. In contrast, no difference among genotypes was found in the onset of flowering when grown in more southerly sites. Reduced precipitation accelerated flowering across several sites and all genotypes, irrespective of their latitudinal origin. Overall, northern European genotypes showed a greater capacity to adjust their onset of flowering in response to the different photoperiods and temperatures across the latitudinal gradient compared to southern European genotypes, suggesting that they may be more resilient to shifting environmental conditions. Differences in phenotypic plasticity among genotypes translocated to higher versus lower latitudes highlight the role of photoperiod in evaluating a species’ capacity to cope with climate change.
Forfattere
Maxime Eeraerts Julia Osterman Péter Batáry Alexandra Maria Klein Matthias Albrecht Georg K.S. Andersson András Báldi Olivia M. Bernauer Leah Blechschmidt Eleanor J. Blitzer Paulo A.V. Borges Jordi Bosch Katherine L.W. Burns Alistair J. Campbell Sílvia Castro James M. Cook Robin Daelemans Bryan N. Danforth Arjen G. de Groot Kinley Dorji Rita Földesi Hannah R. Gaines Day Daniel García Lucas A. Garibaldi Michael P.D. Garratt Andrew Gonzalez Heather Grab Claudio Gratton Maren Kristine Koffeld Halvorsen Peter A. Hambäck Bjørn Arild Hatteland Olivier Honnay Eva Hulsmans Sandra Kaasen Vestheim David Kleijn Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki Martin J. Lechowicz Nicolas Leclercq Yunhui Liu João Loureiro Rachel E. Mallinger Leon Marshall Ivan Meeus Marcos Miñarro Diego N. Nabaes Jodar Adara Pardo Mia G. Park Robert J. Paxton Néstor Pérez-Méndez Rafael A. Pincante De Carvalho Paavo Pirttilehto Matti Pisman Simon G. Potts Nigel E. Raine James R. Reilly Laura Roquer-Beni Ulrika Samnegård Dara A. Stanley Louis Sutter Kyle Teixeira-Martins Simon M. Tierney Ruan Veldtman Nicolas J. Vereecken Felix Wäckers Timothy Weekers Julianna K. Wilson Panlong Wu Kris VerheyenSammendrag
1. Apple is one of the most important pollinator-dependent fruit crops worldwide. To secure high-quality yields, it is crucial to know which, and to what extent, pollinating insects contribute to its pollination success as measured by fruit set, fruit weight and seed set. 2. We perform a meta-analysis of field studies conducted across multiple orchards on insect-mediated pollination in apple cultivation, using raw data from 29 studies, totalling 532 orchard replicates. We assessed the extent of pollen limitation on different pollination outcomes and assessed the contribution of honeybees, wild bees and bee species richness to apple pollination. 3. Across all studies, we detected strong evidence of pollen limitation for fruit set and seed set, but not for fruit weight. Honeybees were the most abundant flower visitors (average relative visitation of 71.9%) compared to wild bees; but when correcting for their pollination efficiency, the relative pollination contribution of honeybees was lower compared to their relative visitation (vice versa for solitary bees). 4. We conclude that honeybee visitation rate did not influence fruit or seed set; yet increasing honeybee visitation had a small, negative effect on fruit weight. Fruit set was not influenced by wild bee visitation rate, whereas wild bee visitation had a small, but clear positive effect on fruit weight and seed set. Bee species richness had a small, positive effect on seed set; whereas it did not affect fruit set and fruit weight. 5. Syntheses and applications. Our study highlights that pollen limitation is common in this global crop. While managed honeybees are dominant pollinators, a diverse community of wild bees contributes significantly to apple pollination and high-quality yield. The positive effect of wild bees and species richness on fruit weight and seed set demonstrates that wild bee pollination results in better-quality fruit production (increased weight & seed set). Therefore, our synthesis highlights the importance of conserving pollinator diversity to maintain pollination services. The absence of a clear effect of honeybee visitation rate on fruit and seed set, coupled with its negative impact on fruit weight, suggests a need for further optimisation of honeybee management to improve the cost-efficiency of pollination management.
Forfattere
Kristiina Matilda Maria Visakorpi Zafar A. Reshi Oriol Grau Anne Muola Anna Orczewska Koenraad Van Meerbeek Bente Jessen GraaeSammendrag
Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. However, our understanding of how these species persist and spread in novel environments remains limited. Specifically, the relative importance of species interactions versus environmental conditions and the role of rapid evolutionary adaptation are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the impact of these factors on the distribution of the invasive Himalayan balsam ( Impatiens glandulifera ). We examined whether the climatic niche of the species is pre-adapted to the environmental conditions in the introduced range through niche modeling. Field surveys were conducted to assess the importance of herbivory and competition, and greenhouse treatments were used to investigate local adaptation. We found that the species has not yet fully occupied the suitable climatic space in its introduced range in Europe. Our results suggest that the species may have experienced enemy release while also facing increased biotic pressure at the northern range edge. We identified adaptive differentiation in flowering time, which enhances reproductive success when plants grow in climates similar to their origin. Our results indicate that Himalayan balsam has rapidly adapted to differences in growing season length in its introduced range, with trait plasticity providing an adaptive advantage. Together, these findings suggest that the species may continue to spread across its introduced range in Europe.
Forfattere
Kirsten TørresenSammendrag
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