Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Ingunn M. VågenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
A high through-put Abbreviated liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometric (ACMS) method was used to assess the relative influence of genotype and temperature on polyphenol composition in cloudberries. Principal component analysis (PCA) plots of the collated ACMS data showed a separation between crosses based on their female parents (Nyby or Fjellgull). Crosses with Nyby as female parent had higher relative levels of masses assignable to certain ellagitannin derivatives. Crosses with Fjellgull had higher levels of distinctive masses assignable to quercetin derivatives (including a hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl hexose derivative not previously identified in cloudberry) and anthocyanin-derivatives. There was also a separation between samples grown at lower and higher temperatures, which was driven by m/z signals associated with ellagitannins and notably a major component, Sanguiin H-6. Therefore, abbreviated MS techniques can discern genetic and/or environmental influences in polyphenol composition and can quickly assess quality in breeding programmes or in response to environmental changes.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Three primary causal agents are involved in the leaf blotch disease (LBD) complex of Norwegian winter and spring wheat: Phaesophaeria nodorum, Mycospaerella tritici, and Pyrenophora drechslera-tritici. The dynamics of symptom development, similarity of symptoms caused by each agent, and confounding of disease symptoms by leaf senescence interfere with accurate assessment of disease. Empirical and regression models for disease and yield loss forecasting are only as good as the data upon which they are based. Accurately describing the relationship between symptoms and yield loss is therefore critical to meaningful economic thresholds for management decisions and advisory systems. A general guideline for yield loss and disease severity has been described as 1% yield loss per 1% disease severity on the flag leaf at BBCH stage 70-75 (King et al., 1983). However, several years of field trials in Norway indicate that disease severity can increase exponentially during these developmental stages, making disease severity highly dependent upon time of assessment. LBD severity on flag leaves of the spring wheat variety ‘Bjarne’ at two different locations in 2010 varied during the above BBCH stages from 27% to 44% and from 4.45% to 23.2%. Different varieties may compensate differently for loss of photosynthetic area on the flag leaf due to leaf blotch pathogens, rendering the general guide line for yield loss inaccurate. Preliminary studies in Norway indicated that the relation between yield reduction (TKW) and disease severity of the flag leaf differed substantially for five different spring varieties and ranged from 0.03 to 1.4 at BBCH 70 and from 0.8 to 4.1 at BBCH 75, at one field site at Aas, Norway in 2010. The causes of the observed variation in the relationship between flag leaf severity and yield reduction are poorly understood. Effects of other diseases are not accounted for by leaf blotch assessments, nor are fungicides applied to reference plots necessarily eliminating all disease effects on yield. Timing of assessments may be as critical as the accuracy of the assessments; making it necessary to time the assessments properly, and distinguish clearly between leaf senescence and leaf blotch symptoms.
Forfattere
May Sæthre I. Godonou S. Leclercq G.T. Yoto B JamesSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Siv M. Sekse Inger Hilmersen Trond Hofsvang Jens E. Kase Lillian Ørka Christian Brevig John Randby Ole S. Dahlen Marit Lilleby Kvarme Kari Margrethe MuntheSammendrag
I "Handlingsplan for redusert risiko ved bruk av plantevernmidler 2010-2014" er det lagt stor vekt på økt kunnskap hos brukere og veiledningstjenesten om rett bruk av kjemiske plantevernmidler og bekjempelsesmetoder med særlig fokus på integrert plantevern og økologisk produksjon. Videre er det vektlagt rammevilkår som skal legge til rette for optimal bruk av plantevernmidler, bl.a. gjennom hensiktsmessige kompetansekrav og et avgiftssystem som stimulerer til valg av preparater med lav risiko for helse og miljø. For å oppnå disse målene er autorisasjonsordningen en viktig kanal for opplæring og informasjon. På bakgrunn av dette ba Mattilsynet i oktober 2010 om at Bioforsk Plantehelse skulle lede et arbeid for å se på dagens autorisasjonsordning og komme med forslag til forbedringstiltak. Arbeidsgruppa som ble nedsatt i desember 2010 kommer med følgende forslag til forbedring av ordningen.
Forfattere
Lars Tørres HavstadSammendrag
Different procedures for managing stubble and regrowth in meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) seed crops were examined in two experimental series in southeast Norway. The first series investigated cutting and removal of stubble shortly after seed harvest in late July/early August, combined with cutting of regrowth (forage harvest) in September or October or burning of the wilted aftermath in early spring. Except for one crop with more than 30-cm stubble, stubble removal shortly after seed harvest did not improve seed yield in the following year. On average for plots with and without stubble removal in seven seed crops, forage harvest on 5 September or 1 October reduced seed yield by 9 and 12%, respectively. The reductions were due to smaller inflorescences, probably reflecting lower carbohydrates reserves. In most trials, the highest seed yield, on average 9% above that of the uncut and unburned control, was found after burning in spring. The second experimental series investigated flail-chopping in spring as an alternative to burning, and the effect of delaying either of the two treatments. On average for four trials, burning and flail-chopping before growth initiation increased seed yield by, in turn, 20 and 12% compared with the untreated control. A two-to-three-week delay in fail-chopping had no negative impact, but a two-week delay in burning reduced seed yield back to the uncut/unburned control level. Based on these trials, growers are recommended to burn meadow fescue seed crops in early spring rather than removing stubble and regrowth in autumn. If burning in early spring is not possible, flail-chopping is recommended within two weeks after growth initiation.
Forfattere
Lars T. HavstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lars Tørres HavstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag