Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nina TrandemSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anita Smailagic Petar Ristivojevic Ivica Dimkic Tamara Pavlovic Dragana Dabic´ Zagorac Sonja Veljovic Milica Fotiric´ Akšic Mekjell Meland Maja NaticSammendrag
The main focus of this study is to assess radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of the 11 wood extracts: oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. robur L., and Q. cerris L.), mulberry (Morus alba L.), myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and wild cherry (Prunus avium L.). High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) provided initial phenolic screening and revealed different chemical patterns among investigated wood extracts. To identify individual compounds with radical scavenging activity DPPH-HPTLC, assay was applied. Gallic acid, ferulic and/or caffeic acids were identified as the compounds with the highest contribution of total radical scavenging activity. Principal component analysis was applied on the data set obtained from HPTLC chromatogram to classify samples based on chemical fingerprints: Quercus spp. formed separate clusters from the other wood samples. The wood extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against eight representative human and opportunistic pathogens. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus for black locust, cherry and mulberry wood extracts. This work provided simple, low-cost and high-throughput screening of phenolic compounds and assessments of the radical scavenging properties of selected individual metabolites from natural matrix that contributed to scavenge free radicals.
Forfattere
Michail Y. 140. Mandelshtam Dmitry L. Musolin Bjørn Økland Daniel Flø Martin Schroeder Peter Zach Dragos Cocos Petri Martikainen Juha Siitonen Seppo Neuvonen Jozef Vakula Christo Nikolov Åke Lindelöw Kaljo Voolma S. A. Krivets Ivan A. KerchevSammendrag
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Forfattere
Muhammad Azher Bhatti Lars Olav Eik Geir Steinheim Tormod Ådnøy Reinert Horneland Peter Wynn David L. Hopkins Leif Jarle AsheimSammendrag
Norway has vast rangeland resources (292,361 km2) with an estimated carrying capacity of nearly four million sheep and lambs, twice the current number. However, the intensive production system currently applied has led to more concentrate dependency, resulting in heavier animals in addition to poorer utilization of rangelands and homegrown feed. Intensive feeding systems indirectly influence the sustainability of ecosystems by promoting intensive cropping that can deplete soil fertility and threaten landscape preservation and biodiversity. By contrast, extensive grazing systems can produce environmentally and animal-friendly food products and contribute to regulating soil health, water and nutrient cycling, soil carbon sequestration, and recreational environments. In this paper, the economics of current sheep feeding practices in Norway, using a linear programming model, were compared with more extensive systems which allow for higher usage of on-farm feed resources. Changes in current sheep farming practices have the potential to increase lamb meat production relative to mutton production, in addition to improving the year-round supply of fresh meat. The investigated alternatives, using the Norwegian White Sheep (NWS) breed, suggest that delayed lambing is useful only on farms with abundant pastures available for autumn feeding. Lambs achieve a better market price than hoggets and mature sheep. Therefore, based on the current Norwegian meat market and price offered per kilogram of meat for lamb, an increase in NWS lamb production improves farm profits. On the other hand, when the aim is on greater use of homegrown feed and rangelands, this can be achieved through hogget production, and the quantity of concentrates required can be reduced substantially.
Sammendrag
Rotgall nematoder (Meloidogyne spp.) er globalt de mest skadelige nematodene, og forårsaker mer enn 10 % av avlingsreduksjonen på verdensbasis. M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. incognita og M. hapla er de viktigste artene. Totalt er det beskrevet mer enn 90 arter av otgallnematoder, og av disse er ca. 20 så langt blitt funnet i Europa. M. chitwoodi and M. fallax betraktes som en trussel for Europa og begge artene forårsaker alvorlige kvalitetsskader på potet og grønnsaker som gulrot. På det europeiske kontinentet er M. hapla mest utbredt, mens M.chitwoodi og M. fallax er påvist i begrensede områder....
Forfattere
Arne StensvandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gunnhild SøgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Jordfabrikken AS er et nytt foretak etablert i Verdal, Trøndelag med mål om å lage torvfri hagejord basert på kompost. Jordfabrikken sitt anlegg huser 2 store 125 m3 komposteringsreaktorer. Reaktorene sørger for nedbryting av biologiske materialer i et lukket system som går automatisk kun med behov for daglig påfylling. Reaktorene kan lett styres for antall daglige omdreininger og mengde luft som er tilsatt med trykk for å sørge for optimal kompostering. I forbindelse med oppstart og drift av anlegget ble NIBIO engasjert til å gi faglige råd om hvordan reaktorene bør styres for å oppnå en tilstrekkelig komposttemperatur og for at sluttproduktet skulle bli stabilt. I begynnelsen av oppdraget lå gjennomsnittlig temperatur i reaktor 1 og 2 på 44 °C. Målet var å få høy nok temperatur, i området 55-70 °C, for optimal kompostering og for å imøtekomme hygieniseringskrav (14 dager >55° eller 48 timer >60 °C). Råstoffmiks brukt i reaktorene består av hageavfall, pappslam, og kornavrens….
Forfattere
Cecilia E. Müller Astrid JohansenSammendrag
Use of big bale silage and haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after bale opening may be faster than feed‐out rate. Production of smaller bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work‐intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big bales to smaller bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big bale forage stored and opened together with rebaled forage was included. Results showed that rebaled haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to rebaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in rebaled compared to initial silage, but not in haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and rebaled forage except for ammonia‐N. In Experiment III, ammonia‐N was higher in rebaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6–8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in rebaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.