Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2000
Forfattere
Gustav FystroSammendrag
The use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict potential carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralisation in Norwegian grassland soils was investigated. Reference values of mineralisation were produced by aerobic incubation of soils, from which the course roots and stubble had been removed. NIRS was calibrated against 70 samples with a wide range in soil characteristics. Another 30 samples, taken from two other sites, were used to validate the predictive accuracy of the NIRS technique. A significant correlation was observed between the reference and NIRS values of potential C and N mineralisation on samples used during the calibration process. Increased error and significant bias occurred occasionally, when new samples were predicted. However, with site-specific calibrations the accuracy of performance was improved. The results of the comparisons with measured C and N mineralisation potentials, suggest that NIRS offers a promising alternative to otherwise time-consuming laboratory incubations, with the additional benefit of being a non-destructive analysis.
Forfattere
G. GuttormsenSammendrag
The nitrogen effect of the previos crop was greatest after winter cabbage, while Italian ryegrass and summer cabbage gave a considerable lower effect
Sammendrag
Brassiceye traps baited with ethylisothiocyanate were modified and used to collect live adults of Delia radicum (L.) and Delia floralis (Fallén) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from the field to observe the prevalence of Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius and Strongwellsea castrans Batko & Weiser. The traps were highly effective and selective for D. radicum and D. floralis. Of the flies identified, 98.4% in 1996 and 93.7% in 1997 were either D. radicum or D. floralis. In 1997 the maximum mean catch was as high as 82 flies per trap per day, and more than 80% of these were females. During both seasons E. muscae caused relatively high levels of mortality in adult populations of D. radicum and D. floralis. The fungus caused a total infection level of 17.9% in 1996 and 47.7% in 1997 with infection peaks of 82.4% in 1996 and 87.5% in 1997. Both years, a significant positive correlation was found between E. muscae prevalence and temperature. One infection peak was observed for S. castrans in 1996, and during that season the total S. castrans infection level was 18.0%. In 1997, the total S. castrans infection level was as low as 8.1%. There is no strong indication that the prevalence of E. muscae or S. castrans differs between either the fly species or sexes within species.
Forfattere
Tor LunnanSammendrag
Bladfaks har høg avlingskapasitet i eit toslåttssystem. Arten toler betre tørke og er meir varig enn timotei, men fôrkvaliteten er mindre kjent. Ein forsøksserie med fire sortar av bladfaks, Løfar, Leif, Manchar og Carlton, med to sortar av timotei, Grindstad og Bodin, og med to haustetider for førsteslåtten, er kjørt på 20 stader i Sør-Noreg. Fôrprøver er analyserte med NIR for fordøyelegheit, fiberfraksjonar, protein- og mineralinnhald. Bladfaks gav høgare tørrstoffavling enn timotei, spesielt i høgareliggjande strøk. Av sortane gav Leif og Manchar bladfaks og Grindstad timotei best avling. Timotei konkurrerte bra mot bladfaks første engåret, men seinare gav timotei lågare avling og høgare ugrasinnhald i enga enn bladfaks. For å få same fôreiningskonsentrasjon, måtte bladfaks haustast om lag ei veke før timotei i førsteslåtten. Innhaldet av NDF og råprotein var om lag likt for timotei og bladfaks hausta til same tid. Etter lik gjødsling førte bladfaks i middel bort ca. 2 kg nitrogen og 4 kg kalium meir med avlinga enn timotei.
Forfattere
B. Darvas Arild Andersen A. Szappanos L. PappSammendrag
Utviklingsbiologi og morforlogi blir beskrevet for havrebladminerfluas utviklingsstadier. Rikt illustrert.
Forfattere
S. Rekolainen V. Gouy R. Francaviglia Ole Martin Eklo I. BärlundSammendrag
The GLEAMS modell predicts runoff, percolation and soil and chemical losses at the edge of a field and from the root zone. The objective of this study was to test the performance of the GLEAMS model against three observed data sets from different parts of Europe. Three users tested the model independently, i.e. parametrized the model without discussion with the other users. Both uncalibrated and calibrated results are presented. Furthermore, the pesticide sub-model was parametrized according to proposals of the supplier of the measurement data. The test was focused on soil moisture, tractor (bromide) and pesticide movements in soil columns. The results show that GLEAMS soil moisture predictions appear to react too rapidly to wet and dry periods, resulting in a rapid change of soil moisture between field capacity and wilting point. Incomplete simulation of soil water dynamics seems to be the main reason for underestimation of tracer movement in soil. In addition, mismatches in soil pesticide concentrations might be caused by incorrect prediction of degradation processes. The results of the independent users different considerably from each other, both in uncalibrated and in calibrated results, due to different interpretation of the measured data.
Forfattere
Ole Martin EkloSammendrag
Testing of pesticide-leaching models is important in view of their increasing use in pesticide registration procedures in the European Union. This paper presents the methodology and major conclusions of a test of pesticide-leaching models. Twelve models simulating the vertical one-dimensional movement of water, solute, heat, and, in particular, pesticides, through the soil profile were used by 36 different modellers. The adopted modelling codes differ in terms of modelling concepts and modelling hypothesis. Modellers were affiliated to industry and to the scientific community as well. Four quality datasets were identified to perform the analysis. The dataset includesdfield and lysimeter data, collected in the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and the UK. As well, non-structured as structured soils were available in the dataset. To elucidate the ability to model correctly water transport, solute transport, heat transport and pesticide transport in soils, a stepwise evaluation approach was followed. Splitting up the experimental dataset enabled ut to quantify the calibration capability and the prediction capability to the models. The simulations were performed by different model users enabling us also to characterise output variability in terms of user dependent interpretation of the model input and parameters. Recommendations are formulated for improving the quality of modelling dataset, and the process description of water, solute, and heat transport in a pesticide-leaching model, plus the process description of pesticide fate. Application of the principles of good modelling practice (GMP) is briefly described
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Arild SlettenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
P. Risøen May Bente Brurberg V. Eijsink I. NesSammendrag
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