Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2003
Authors
Anne Moxnes Jervell Desmond A. JollyAbstract
The policy changes to account for local environmental effects, and the way farmers have developed new livelihoods, are parallel examples of the multiple functions and values of a localized, small-scale agriculture. Recreation and entertainment are rapidly growing sectors of post-industrial economies. Local farms profit from the growing demand for diversity in products, entertainment, education and recreation by providing more than food commodities. The biodiversity, cultural heritage, landscape, food security and rural community effects of agriculture are used as arguments when developed countries defend their right to support and protect agriculture. The different value aspects of agriculture have been given the label “multifunctionality” and include what is called “non-trade concerns” in a WTO context. While large-scale agriculture may be efficient in producing food and fiber as commodities, small-scale farms can be competitive as suppliers of services that are valued at a local level.
Authors
Johanne Kjuus Nils Øyvind BergsetAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Håvard Mjelde Nils Øyvind BergsetAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Håkon RomarheimAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Christel ElvestadAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Johanne Kjuus Nils Øyvind BergsetAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Ola FlatenAbstract
Norwegian dairy farmers are facing changes in the economic environment. Prices of products and concentrates are falling, while area and headage payments are increasing. The availability of grasslands has become more abundant. Impact of changes in economic conditions on production systems and profitability are examined. Linear programming models of dairy farms, with grain and beef as alternative enterprises, are designed to analyse the adjustments. Optimal production systems are largely determined by a combination of economic factors associated with the various inputs, outputs and support schemes together with availability of farm resources. The typical Norwegian dairy farm has a small quota compared to other farm resources. Producing a fixed milk quota with moderate yielding cows is then most profitable (1999-conditions). Early cut silage offered ad libitum is most profitable. Changes in the milk price have no effects on production as long as the quota is effective. If all of the land is utilised and grassland is the only possible land use, increased area payments have no production effects. If some grassland is not in use, area payments increase land utilisation as cows are fed less concentrate. If grain is also grown, increased grassland area payments result in more land allocated to grass. Forage and milk production become less intensive. By increasing headage payments, milk yield falls, as it is optimal to have more cows to produce the fixed quota output. This contributes to keep more grassland in production and in a more intensive forage production. Lower concentrate prices lead to increased use of concentrates and higher milk yields.