Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2005
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Tunrapp regnes vanligvis som et vinterettårig ugras, men på golfgreener vil det over år utvikle seg flerårige typer (Poa annua f. reptans) med mange fremragende karaktertrekk. Denne artikkelen gir en innførring i tunrappens biologi og omtaler et amerikansk foredlingsprogram med flerårig tunrapp til golfgreen.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Bjørn Molteberg Anne A. Steensohn Åge Susort Frank EngerSammendrag
Til sammen 43 sorter av 6 ulike grasarter ble prøvd på USGA golf greener på Landvik (Grimstad) og Apelsvoll (Toten) fra 2003 til og med 2005. Feltene ble stelt som golfgreen med klipping til 4.5 mm for rødsvingel og 3 mm for kvein og tunrapp, daglig slitasje, gjødsling annenhver uke, vertikalskjæring, topdressing m.m. Feltene ble bedømt for helhetsinntrykk annenhver uke og ellers for dekningsprosent, skuddtetthet, farge, sjukdom og høydetilvekst en gang pr måned. Forsøka viste at følgede sorter kan anbefales på golfgreener i Skandinavia (i prioritert rekkefølge innafor hver art): Nordlige, kontinentale områder: Hundekvein "Avalon" og "CIS AC1"; krypkvein "Nordlys", "Penncross", "Bueno", "Penn G1" og "Independence"; engkvein "Jorvik", "Leirin", "KvAt 96" og "Nor" ; rødsvingel med korte utløpere "Baroyal" og "Cezanne"; rødsvingel uten utløpere "Kiruna", "Darwin", "Soberana", "Bargreen", "Center" og "Barbirdie". Sørlige, kystnære områder: Hundekvein "Greenwich", "CIS AC1" og "Avalon", krypkvein "Independence", "Penn G1", "Nordlys", "Penn A1" og "Penn G6" ; engkvein "Jorvik", "Barking", "Denso" og "Bardot"; rødsvingel med korte utløpere "Cezanne" og "Barcrown"; rødsvingel uten utløpere "Calliope", "Center", "Barbirdie", "Kiruna", "Rossignol" og "Bargreen". tunrapp "TruePutt" kan ikke anbefales i noe område av Skandinavia.
Forfattere
Ronald Bjøru Håvard Berg Lars Henrik KristiansenSammendrag
Konsekvensutredning av friluftslivet i planlagt verneområde (nasjonalpark) og fylkedelsplan for Sjunkan-Misten i Nordland. Utredningen er en kartlegging av dagens bruk av området, konsekvenser ved 0-alternativet (ikke vern), konsekvenser ved vern etter strenge og milde bestemmelser, og forslag til avbøtende tiltak.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
In spring 2004 it was started a pilot project for determining the lengths of the periods of leaf wetness duration in apple orchards in a small region of commercial fruit growing in the county of Telemark in Southern Norway. In this area it is placed four automated meteorological stations (hourly values). The measurement of precipitation is made by two weather radars in pixel areas of 1x1km. In this pilot project the periods of leaf wetness duration is calculated at the 15 sites ( 15 orchards) using hourly measurements from the automated stations and the two weather radars. The quality of the measurements of precipitation from the weather radars is compared to rain gauge measurements of precipitation at the four automated stations. The concept of quality of meteorological measurements is shortly defined and discussed. Also the possibilities making the quality of the radar measurements better in the future is discussed.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
Some general ideas for classifying phenomena connected to weather and climate are presented, and a few well known systems for classification of meteorological phenomena are then shortly discussed, like the classification system of clouds constructed by Luke Howard in the beginning of the 19th century and the much later system connected to synoptic charts and synoptic meteorology etc.. The classification system of climate, developed by Wladimir Köppen is shortly discussed. Then the definition of `meteorological element" and `climatic element" according to the `International Meteorological Vocabulary" of WMO are presented and discussed, and the concepts of `parameter" and `parameterisation" are presented and defined somewhat broader than according to the `International Meteorological Vocabulary". The CREX (Character form for the Representation and EXchange of data) and BUFR (Binary Universal Form for Representation of meteorological data) as well as the GRIB (`GRIdded Binary" systems for exchange of data are presented. The message according to this discussion is that the meta data part of the BUFR and CREX-systems ( despite the great flexibility and scope of these systems) ought to be considered revised according to some of the principles of this discussion on classification of phenomena, and the parameterisation of the phenomena. It is important to make clear and communicated to the public what is the additional gain of using satellite data, and to what measure ground based station network may be replaced. Especially one ought to tell the public that all remote sensing equipment ought to be calibrated continuously by reference to a station network. Also the very important work on `homogenisation" of long data series of meteorological data is connected to the observing systems. In studies on global change and climate change it is important to be able to refer to long homogenous series of meteorological data. The conclusion is very short: When looking at the systems for classification, documentation and exchanging meteorological data, what could be considered is making some sort of parallel work of extending the biological and agro meteorological models to use the BUFR and GRIB-protocols, but at the same time take a look at the metadata systems of GRIB and BUFR first to see if the classification systems may be constructed in a more logical way using methods from object oriented analysis of the modern IT-world?
Forfattere
Christopher J. Atkinson Rolf Nestby Y.Y Ford P.A.A. DoddsSammendrag
Hensikten med publikasjonen er å presentere en oversikt over de fysiologiske perspektivene for nyttige antioksidanter som produseres i frukt. Drivkraften for å øke konsumet av frukt og grønnsaker i menneskets diett er forbundet med positive effekter av nyttige antioksidanter for å bedre helse. Vi begrunner kort vår fysiologiske forståelse av prosesser i omgivelsene, som induserer produksjon av reaktive oksygenarter og hvordan antioksidanter forhindrer ødeleggelse av planteceller. Mer spesifikt beskriver vi virkningen av stress fra omgivelsene, som tørke og stråling, har på produksjonen av antioksidanter i plantene og hvordan disse stressene kan inkorporeres i ny vitenskapelig forskning på dyrkingssystemer, for å oppnå høye konsentrasjoner av antioksidanter i fruktene. Dette inkluderer særlig bruk av vanningsteknologi og forbedret lysrefleksjon, for å øke konsentrasjonen av bioaktive forbindelser som ellaginsyre og askorbinsyre.
Forfattere
Åshild Ergon Cheng Fang Øyvind Jørgensen Trygve S. Aamlid Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
The "BF14/16 x HF2/7" mapping population of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) was characterised for number of panicles produced by non-vernalised plants in the field, vernalisation requirement (number of weeks at 6°C and 8h photoperiod), as well as days to heading, number of panicles and proportion of shoots heading after a 12 weeks vernalisation treatment. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and compared to QTLs and genes related to the induction of flowering in cereals and grasses. A region on chromosome 1F affected days to heading and the proportion of shoots heading. Chromosome 4F appeared to have several genes with a strong effect on vernalisation requirement. The strongest effects were located in the proximal end ofn 4F and may correspond to the earliness per se (eps) QTL eps6L.2 in barley and a heading time QTL in perennial ryegrass. A part of the meadow fescue ortholog of VRN1 was sequenced and mapped to another region of 4F that also had a strong effect on vernalisation requirement. The proximal end of chromosome 5F had QTLs for days to heading and proportion of heading shoots. Syntenic regions in wheat and barley contain eps-loci. A QTL for number of panicles in the field and a QTL for proportion of heading shoots were present on chromosome 6. A region on 7F affected the variation in number of panicles among plants without a vernalisation requirement, and is syntenic to regions in perennial ryegrass, barley and rice containing orthologs of A. thaliana CO.
Forfattere
Ievina SturiteSammendrag
I dette arbeidet, bruk av kvitkløver under nordlige klimaforhold har det blitt sett fra produksjons- og miljø perspektiver. De viktigste mål var å vurdere 1) på hvilket tidspunkt blader, stoloner og røtter dukker opp og omsettes; 2) i hvilken grad disse planteorganer taper N gjennom vinteren og hvor mye N gjenfinnes i sigevannet; 3) hvordan høsting påvirker både levetid av plantedeler og N dynamikken.
Sammendrag
Intensive harvesting, as compared to no harvesting, favoured N transfer to the leaves on the expense of stolon and root biomass production. Independently of treatment, about 75 % of the N present in leaves in the autumn was lost, while N stored in stolons and, particularly, in roots was conserved much better. However, the stolons of intensively harvested plants seemed to be less winter hardy and lost more N (55%) than did undisturbed (21%) and less intensively harvested plants (13%). Relative plant growth and N uptake rate in spring were almost equal for all treatments. The amount of inorganic N in soil after snowmelt and mineralization of white clover-derived N during the spring was small, suggesting that leaching and gas emissions may have been important N pathways.
Sammendrag
To better understand N cycling in white clover (Trifolium repens L) stands under northern climate conditions, we studied how harvesting regime affects plant longevity and N content in late autumn, ability to conserve N during winter and the fate of the lost N. Several field experiments were performed throughout four consecutive years using white clover plants (cv "Snowy") that were established from stolon cuttings or seeds. During the growing season, plants were treated and sampled destructively in late autumn, early spring the second year and after six weeks of new spring growth. Dry weight and N concentration were measured on all fractions. On additional experiments the longevity of main plant organs were monitored during two years and seepage water percolating throughout the above ground plant biomass was collected during four years. For harvested plants the repeated leaf removal and subsequent regrowth came at the expense of stolon- and root development and resulted in a reduced total plant N content in late autumn. During winter, root N was quite stable, as certain root dormancy occured, while approximately 80 % of the N present in leaves in autumn was lost - independent of treatment. Short leaf lifespan (less than 100 days) indicated that leaves are not genetically programmed to survive winter. Losses of N from stolons were lower, however, harvesting regime affected both the longevity and N losses. The amount of inorganic N in soil after snowmelt and mineralization of white clover-derived N through spring was low indicating that leaching and gas emissions might be important N pathways. The 26 % of lost N was found in seepage water.