Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and the contents of mono- and disaccharides, and organic acids were determined in strawberry fruit from ten genotypes sampled from eight experimental sites in Norway in 2002 and 2003.The difference between genotypes was significant for all recorded traits, and it appeared possible to select for all traits in breeding programmes. On average, the Norwegian bred cultivar `Carmen" had a TAC of 30.07 mmol kg"1 fresh weight (FW), compared to 23.16 mmol kg"1 FW in the standard cultivar `Korona". TAC was negatively correlated with fruit size, rainfall and leaf surface humidity, but was positively correlated with the minimum temperature on the day prior to sampling. Mono- and di-saccharide contents were negatively correlated with both minimum and maximum temperatures, and with wind velocity. It was confirmed that the sugars:organic acids ratio was inversely related to the maximum temperature on the day before harvest, which supports anecdotal claims that strawberries grown in northern areas have, on average, better flavour.
Forfattere
Birgitte HenriksenSammendrag
Tips om økologisk plantevern i hagen
Forfattere
Nina HeibergSammendrag
Referat fra NJF seminar 391 ved Balsgård i Sverige. I mange av de nye vekstene det blir jobbet med i Norden, er det svært høyt innhold av stoffer som man tror kan gi helsegevinst. Artikkelen omhandler nye resultater fra undersøkelser med helsefremmende stoffer i bærvekster. Artikkelen omhandler i tillegg flere nye vekster som det har vært arbeidet med i Norden, blant annet nyper, tindved, eldkvede og vindruer. Interessen for dyrking er nye vekster er økende både i Norden og i de Baltiske land.
Forfattere
Hans Fr. Lauvstad Samson Øpstad Magnus MoSammendrag
I Jølster er det gjort registreringar for å talfeste verditap etter borkgnag av hjort i ung skog. Hjort gjer skade på ung gran ved å gnage bork. Dei fleste skadar kjem i samband med sterke snøfall og langvarig snødekke, og/eller lengre periodar med låg temperatur som gjer at hjorten søkjer næring der han oppheld seg og med bruk av minst mogeleg energi.
Sammendrag
Zero-valent iron improves the transformation of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] and its metabolites in aged and highly contaminated lake sediment under biotic conditions. The addition of Feº has a strong effect on transformation rates at 22 ºC and 9 ºC, the most enhanced degradation being obtained for DDT and DDOH [2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl) ethanol]. At 22 ºC and 10 weeks´incubation, the DDT concentration is reduced from 2.75 lmol g-1 (974 mg kg-1) to 0.98 lmol g-1 (346 mg kg-1) and 1.98 lmol g-1 (702 mg kg-1) in samples with and without the addition of iron, respectively. After 40 weeks` incubation these concentrations have further decreased to 0.19 lmol g-1 (66 mg kg -1) and 0.74 lmol g-1 (264 mg kg-1).There is no significant transformation of any of the compounds at 9 ºC without the addition of Feº. In the presence of iron, however, DDT is reduced to 1.25 lmol g-1 (442 mg kg-1) within 40 weeks´ incubation. This study demonstrates the ability of adapted microorganisms to transform DDT under elevated temperatures in original, aged sediments, and also the stimulating effect of zero-valent iron, which is significant even at low temperatures.
Sammendrag
In order to investigate the influence of biological growth on flow and transport patterns in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, bromide tracer experiments were conducted in two 3m long tanks. The tanks were filled with light weight aggregates and shell sand, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity, drainable porosity and dispersivity of the two filter mediawere determined before and after biological growth. The obtained breakthrough curves of bromide tracer showed that biological growth caused a pronounced reduction in drainable porosity, mainly for shell sand, whereas its effect on saturated hydraulic conductivity was negligible. The spatial distribution of the bromide after biological growth in the two filter media showed that the flow occurred preferentially along certain paths. However, in the light"weight aggregates filter medium, biological growth with possible clogging effects seems to reduce the efficiency of some preferential flow paths, increase the retention time, and hence, improves the system treatment efficiency. This study showed that selecting a filter medium including coarse fractions to some extent can mitigate the potential negative effects of bioclogging.
Sammendrag
Dette er den tredje og siste artikkelen i ein serie artiklar om soppsjukdomar på gran i SKOGeieren. Fokus i denne artikkelen er på soppsjukdomar som fyrst og fremst gjer skade på litt eldre grantre.
Forfattere
L.E. Sverdrup Thomas Hartnik E. Mariussen J. JensenSammendrag
Halogenated flame retardants have a high sorption affinity to particles, making soils and sediments important sinks. Here, three of the most commonly used flame retardants have been tested for sub-lethal toxicity towards soil nitrifying bacteria, a terrestrial plant (seed emergence and growth of the red clover, Trifolium pratense), and a soil invertebrate (survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus). Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was quite toxic to enchytraeids, with significant effects on reproduction detected already at the 10 mg kg1 exposure level (EC10 = 2.7 mg kg1). In contrast, decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE) was not toxic at all, and short-chain chloroparaffins (CP10"13) only affected soil nitrifying bacteria at the highest test concentration (EC10 = 570 mg kg1). Exposure concentrations were verified by chemical analysis for TBBPA and DeBDE, but not for CP10"13, as a reliable method was not available. Based on the generated data, a PNEC for soil organisms can be estimated at 0.3 mg kg1 for TBBPA and 57 mg kg1 for short-chain chloroparaffins. No PNEC could be estimated for DeBDE. Measurements of TBBPA in soil are not available, but measured concentrations in Swedish sludge are all lower than the estimated threshold value for biological effects in soil.
Forfattere
Tor Gunnar Vågen Markus G Walsh Keith D. ShepherdSammendrag
The impacts of human land use in the highlands of Madagascar are often equated with land degradation and decreasing soil fertility. The practice most often focused on is deforestation through slash-and-burn cultivation (tavy), and shifting cultivators are often portrayed as being ignorant, poverty-stricken peasants felling trees for fields and food. However, there is uncertainty whether soil degradation is related to recent tavy or earlier forest clearance, and whether some highland areas were ever forested. In this paper we use stable isotopes (!13C) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to study the impacts of deforestation and various other land use changes on ecosystem properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and soil quality (fertility) in the highlands of Madagascar. Land cover transitions (between C3 and C4 systems) are defined and quantified in the study area. Historical land use had greater effect on soil organic carbon concentrations than current land use, with cultivated areas previously under C3 and C4 systems having 37.3 and 14.8 g SOC kg"1, respectively. Grasslands previously under C3 had approximately 124% more SOC than grasslands previously under C4, while SOC concentrations were 65.3 and 54.9 g C kg"1 under natural forest and in mixed fallow systems, respectively. A soil fertility index developed for the study area based on diagnostic soil spectra was compared with findings related to SOC dynamics and land use change.
Forfattere
Tor Gunnar Vågen Keith D. Shepherd Markus G. WalshSammendrag
Sensing landscape level change in soil fertility following deforestation and conversion in the highlands of Madagascar using Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Research data on soil quality are scarce in Madagascar, despite the island"s widely recognized problems of soil and environmental degradation. One of the major constraints to properly assessing current status, trends and processes of soil degradation is the high level of costs involved when using conventional soil analytical methods. Previous studies have demonstrated that visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy may permit rapid and cost effective analysis of tropical soils that could provide new opportunities for farmers, land managers, local authorities and researchers in assessing and managing soil quality. This study tested the potential of Vis-NIR soil spectral libraries for predicting and mapping soil properties in the eastern highlands of Madagascar. Stable calibration models were developed for several key soil properties. Cross-validated r2 values were soil organic carbon (SOC), 0.94; total nitrogen (TN), 0.96; and cation exchange capacity (CEC), 0.80. A spectral soil fertility index (SFI) was developed based on ten commonly used agronomic indicators of soil fertility. SFI varied significantly with current and historic land use. The index was successfully calibrated to both soil reflectance measured in the laboratory ( p =0.003) and Landsat TM reflectance ( p =0.003), which permitted mapping of the index.