Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Svein Solberg Lars Eklundh Arnt Kristian Gjertsen Tomas Johansson Steve Joyce Holger Lange Erik Næsset Håkan Olsson Yong Pang Anne SolbergSammendrag
The REMFOR project evaluates remote sensing data and methods for monitoring forest health using variation in leaf area index (LAI) as a primary measure of defoliation. A large-scale pine sawfly outbreak in Norway serves as a test case. An LAI map of the study area was derived from airborne LIDAR measurements before and after the insect attack to serve as ground truth for satellite image analysis. The method predicts LAI from laser penetration rates through the canopy layer in accordance with the Beer- Lambert law calibrated with point measurements of LAI with LICOR LAI-2000. Comparing two cloud-free SPOT scenes from September 2004 and September 2005 shows obvious visual patterns of defoliation in pine forests from the 2005 outbreak. Preliminary analysis shows that the insect defoliation caused an increase in middle-infrared (SPOT band4) reflectance and a decrease in SPOT NDVI, and both these responses may be used as a reasonable predictor of LAI loss as derived from laser scanning. MODIS NDVI data were gathered for the area over the period 2000-2006, and the Timesat algorithm is used to smooth the seasonal variation. The insect attack is evident from the smoothed NDVI data both as a reduction in the summer mean value, and as an alteration of the seasonal profile during the larvae feeding period in June and July. REMFOR also encompasses a range of other remote sensing data types, including GLAS LIDAR, SAR and hyperspectral data from both airborne and satellite platforms (e.g. Hyspex and Hyperion). Landsat TM is used to generate a tree species map.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In the context of an ongoing project on REMote sensing of FORest health (REM-FOR), we analyze airborne high-resolution hyperspectral images of a pine-dominated region in southeast Norway heavily attacked by the Pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, leading to severe defoliation. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is used as a proxy of the crown density, and comparing LAI maps from before and after the attack lead to indicators for damage extent. We discuss the application of the Forest Reflectance Model (FRT) of Kuusk and Nilson, which was designed for the application to (managed) Northern European Forests, to model the spectral response from the canopy. It is based on conventional forest inventory data, species-dependent parametrized crown shapes, canopy LAI, needle clumping index, and needle optical properties. Here, however, we run the model in an inverse mode, by iteratively minimizing the discrepancy between measured and simulated reflectances, and predicting the LAI, keeping known parameters of the model fixed. The LAI values are then compared to those obtained with either ground-based Licor LAI2000 measurements, or with airborne laser-scanning. Some preliminary results of this modelling concept for the case study are discussed.
Forfattere
Isabelle Schülli-Maurer Daniela Sauer Karl Stahr Ragnhild Sperstad Rolf SørensenSammendrag
We investigated the development of Albeluvisols and Podzols with time in southern Norway. The Vestfold region at the western shore of the Oslofjord was chosen because it is characterized by continuous glacio-isostatic uplift for the last 12,000 years. Due to the permanent elevation process, no distinct marine terraces have been built, and the age of the sediments continuously increases with distance from the modern coastline. Albeluvisol development was assessed in a soil chronosequence on loamy marine sediments with ages ranging from approximately 1,800 to 10,200 years. The most obvious change during soil development was that after 4,500 - 5,000 years light tongues intruded from the E horizon into the B horizon, and became more pronounced with time. The combined thickness of the A and E-horizons was constant at 40 ± 3 cm in 9 of the 12 profiles and did not change with age. The organic matter content of the A-horizons, the fine silt to coarse silt ratio of the Btg horizons and the Feo/Fed ratio all decreased with soil age, whereas the thickness of the organic surface horizon and B horizon, as well as the Fed/Fet ratio all increased. Podzol development was investigated in a chronosequence on sandy beach sediments, the ages of the soils ranging from 2,400 to 8,500 years. All soil properties investigated - the organic matter content of the B horizons, clay content, Feo, Alo, Sio, Feo/Fed and Fed/Fet - tend to increase with advancing podzolization, and are strongly correlated with soil age. Topsoil pH values decrease with age. The characteristic Bh and Bs horizons had developed after approximately 4,000 years.
Forfattere
Nina Hovden SætherSammendrag
Alle internasjonale avlsselskap hevder de driver bærekraftig avlsarbeid, men så vidt Norsk genressurssenter kjenner til, er det bare de norske som har vilje og evne til å dokumentere det, skriver Nina Hovden Sæther på kronikkplass i Nationen 18. juli 2007.
Forfattere
Daniela Sauer Isabelle Schülli-Maurer Ragnhild Sperstad Rolf Sørensen Karl StahrSammendrag
The coastal areas of Scandinavia provide suitable conditions for studying soil development with time, due to glacio-isostatic uplift. Our study area is located along both sides of the Oslofjord (Vestfold and stfold). The climate in this area is rather mild although it is located between 59 and 59 40 latitude. The mean annual temperature ranges from 5.4 to 6. 0 C. Precipitation is 9751094 mm year1 in Vestfold and 751829 mm year1 in stfold. Due to the steadiness of the uplift, no separate terraces were formed in the study area, but soils continuously get older from the coast inland. We established two soil chronosequences comprising six pedons each, one in Vestfold (1650 9000 years) and one in stfold (300011050 years). The ages were estimated by use of several sea level curves established for various locations in the area, based on calibrated radiocarbon datings. The parent material is loamy marine sediment. The geological basement below the sediment consists of basic magmatite (monzonite, latite) in Vestfold and predominantly acid magmatite (granite) in stfold. Higher precipitation in Vestfold leads to earlier beginning of clay illuviation. Clay coatings are perceptible in Vestfold already in the 1650 years old soil. In stfold they become visible for the first time in the 3500 years old soil. The E horizon becomes lighter with age, but its thickness stays constantly around 40 cm in both areas. The development of the characteristic albeluvic tonguing starts after 4000 to 5000 years. The tongues initially develop mainly along intersections of cracks. Due to ongoing leaching they increase in length and width, progressively consuming the prisms in between the cracks in the upper part of the Bt horizon. Base saturation in the upper 25 cm exhibits a decrease with time which can be best described by an exponential model, while pH (water) stays constantly at pH 4.4 0.4 in all soils covering a range of 1650 to 11050 years in age. These findings indicate that the soil pH is buffered by protonation of surface charges occupied by exchangeable base cations over a time span of more than 9000 years. The Fed/Fet ratio shows an increase with time which can be described by both, a linear or potential model, reflecting progressive iron release from mineral weathering. The Feo/Fed ratio shows a linear decrease indicating increasing degree of iron oxide crystallization.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten beskriver utviklingen, innholdet og gjennomføringen av studiet Natur og kunnskapsturisme ved Høgskolen i Hedmark (HH) i perioden 2004-2007. Rapporten gjengir også studentenes evaluering av studiet. Studiet har som målsetning å øke fagkompetansen innen natur- og kulturfag (den humane kapitalen) for de som ønsker å jobbe med turguiding for turister, samt bedriftsetablering av småskala reiseliv. Studiet har lokalt opptak og undervisningen. Studiet er tilpasset arbeidstakere gjennom helgesamlinger og har mange ekskursjoner både lokalt og regionalt. Det fokuseres på lokal og regional nettverksbygging. Studentene gir generelt gode tilbakemeldinger på studiets form, faglige innhold og lærekrefter, inkludert eksterne ressurspersoner. Rapporten dokumenterer at studentene i ettertid etablerer bedrifter innen turguiding og kunnskapsturisme. Rundt 2/3 av studentene har etter studiet etablert bedrifter eller er i gang med prosessen. HH bør videreutvikle studiet til Bachelor- eller Masterstudium på sikt. Dette kan samordnes bl.a. med reiselivsstudiet ved Høgskolen i Lillehammer eller andre UNISKA samarbeidspartnere. HH bør jobbe videre med å etablere faste oppfølgingskurs innen Fortellerkunst og formidling. På sikt anbefaler vi også å styrke natur- og kulturfagene med videregående kurs. HH bør bedre det interregionale samarbeidet innen Natur- og kunnskapsturisme. Dette kan gjøres ved å etablere Senter for Natur og kunnskapskapsturisme. Senterets viktigste oppgaver vil være undervisning, forskning og bidrag til etablering av lokale bedrifter innen kunnskapsturisme. Det bør i løpet av 2008 settes i gang et forprosjekt for å kartlegge behov og organisering av et Senter for Natur og kunnskapsturisme. Delfinansiering av forprosjektet bør kunne støttes gjennom Interreg prog. IV A Sverige-Norge 2007-2013.
Forfattere
Inger Hansen-Bauer Jan Erik HaugenSammendrag
Temperaturscenarier for Norge viser større oppvarming i innlandet enn langs kysten, større i nord enn i syd, og i nordlige områder større oppvarming vinter enn sommer. Det kombinerte Hadley-MPIscenariet under B2 gir gjennomsnittlige oppvarmingsrater mellom 0,2 og 0,4 ºC per tiår fra perioden 1961 1990 til perioden 2071 2100.
Forfattere
Anders BrynSammendrag
Naturtyper kan avledes fra vegetasjonskart. Måten dette gjøres på beskrives nærmere, med eksempler fra Ballangen kommune.
Forfattere
Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
Rotkjuke er den soppen som volder størst skade i skogen. Dersom man kan forstå hvordan rotkjuka bryter ned ligninet og cellulosen i ved, kan sannsynligvis denne kunnskapen brukes til å lage bioetanol av cellulosen i celleveggene fra trær og andre planter. Svaret kan ligge i arvematerialet til denne soppen, som nå er i ferd med å bli fullstendig sekvensert.