Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gerhard Weiss Suzanne Martin Anne Matilainen Birger Vennesland Carmen Nastase Erlend Nybakk Laura BouriaudSammendrag
This article examines innovation processes in forest recreational services on the basis of case studies in five European countries with differing institutional backgrounds of forest ownership and access rights. The analysis reveals that forest-related recreation services are developed under varying institutional conditions and on public as well as private land. Ideas for innovations in recreational services may come from within but often outside the forestry sector. Financing is provided from public and private sources. Both public and private spheres have important roles in providing natural, human and financial resources and usually a network of public and private actors are involved in innovation processes. Of particular importance are cross-sectoral interactions between forestry and tourism. Greater institutional support is needed for the development of forest-related recreation services because the field is at an early stage of development. It is concluded that support should focus on providing ideas and financial resources for product development and on facilitating cross-sectoral interaction between forestry and tourism actors. A particular need is seen for development of models for durable interaction between land owners and tourism operators on a regional scale.
Forfattere
Jørn Kristian LilengSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
O. Janne Kjønaas Richard Frederic WrightSammendrag
To determine the source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) in runoff, approx. 35 kg N enriched with the stable isotope 15N (2110‰ δ15N) was added to a mature coniferous forested catchment for one whole year. The total N input was approx. 50 kg ha-1 year-1. The enrichment study was part of a long-term whole-catchment ammonium nitrate addition experiment at Gårdsjön, Sweden. The 15N concentrations in precipitation, throughfall, runoff and upper forest floor were measured prior to, during, and 3-9 years following the 15N addition. During the year of the 15N addition the δ15N level in runoff largely reflected the level in incoming N, indicating that the leached NO3- came predominantly from precipitation. Only 1.1% of the incoming N was lost during the year of the tracer addition. The cumulative loss of tracer N over a 10-year period was only 3.9% as DIN and 1.1% as DON.
Forfattere
Erlend Ystrøm Haartveit Leif Kjøstelsen Bård Strand JacobsenSammendrag
The project Woodflow is a 3-year project aiming at quantifying logistics costs for wood products in a supply chain from manufacturer to consumer. Woodflow is financed by the Research Council of Norway, Innovation Norway and Optimera AS. The work is carried out in Optimera’s distribution network in Norway. In this paper we present and discuss two methods for estimating time consumption, one for material handling and one for activities in the information flow. For material handling a method based on time studies has been modified and adapted to the situation in a distribution centre. For activities in the information flow performance measures of sales personnel are combined with information about registered orders to develop estimates for time consumption for entering orders and order lines. These will also be used to estimate time consumption for other tasks in the information flow. The estimates for time consumption will later be combined with the time costs of the performing actors to calculate logistics costs for material handling and for activities in the information flow.
Forfattere
Erlend Ystrøm Haartveit Ingrid KnottenSammendrag
Traceability in a supply chain can be established using several different technologies. The basic idea is marking each item with an identifier which can be rgistrered as the item flows downstream in the supply chain. Abilities to track and trace products and components have become requirements in many supply chains. Systems for traceability may also be used to improve logistics across the supply chain. Supply chain management implies applyin holistic perspectives on solutions, spanning from the vendor of raw materials to the consumer. This article presents a Norwegian case in which tracebility solutions based on Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) were tested in a supply chain for poles delivered to power lines. Logs were marked with standard RFID tags in the forest and were registered with a standard RFID reader on several sages frm forest to finished product. The standard equipment performed well even when exposed to rough handling, high and low temperatures and high pressure. The results show that even when individual actors may benefit from implementing traceability solutions it is challenging to develop joint and profitable solutions for several actors in a supply chain. Three main obstackles were identified as impediments for supply chain traceability. There are diffrences in objectives as som firms focus on optimising logistics and production, while others aim at reducing errors from manual registrations. There are differences in requirements for technical solutions, especially concerning where the tag should be placed on the log. Finally, there are differences in willingness and readiness to adopt new technology.
Sammendrag
Furfurylated wood is an environmentally friendly, chemically treated, wood product with improved characteristics. Quality control of furfurylated wood is still performed manually by subtracting the initial weight of a treated sample from its final weight, then dividing the result by the initial weight. Expressed as a percentage, this results in a value that represents the weight percent gain (WPG) of the treated sample and thus the degree of modification. The major disadvantage of this quality control method is that the production parameters are needed to determine WPG, since the initial weight cannot be deduced from a treated wood sample. In this paper the use of ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA) is presented as a potential quality control method for furfurylated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The technique is independent of production parameters and, therefore, enables third parties to determine the WPG of any furfurylated wood product. Three validation trials have been performed with the same validation samples, but varying TGA settings and with different Partial Least Square regression models (PLS-models). Although the method needs further improvement, it has shown good accuracy and precision. Therefore, it is con
Forfattere
Knut Magnar Sandland Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
This publication was initiated by COST E15 Advances in Wood Drying. 17 international authors contributed to this fundamental description of wood-water relations: sorption, kiln operations, the physics of drying, heat and mass transfer, water migration in wood, creep and distortion, drying stresses, discoloration etc. Fundamental formulas and description of recent international research are given throughout the book. A reference list of close to 600 titles is included.
Forfattere
Erlend Nybakk Eric N. HansenSammendrag
This study is an investigation of the nature-based recreation services industry in Norway. A recent study in Forest Policy and Economics identified two main elements of entrepreneurship, the ability to recognize business opportunities and the ability to take calculated risks. Further, that study examined how entrepreneurial attitudes affect the probability for start-ups. It is suggested that entrepreneurial attitudes influence the likelihood for process innovation and increased performance. Entrepreneurship and innovation theory were used and an e-mail survey was conducted. The questionnaire was forwarded to 324 Norwegian micro-enterprises selling forest recreation services. The response rate was 55 percent. Respondents that exhibit a stronger entrepreneurial attitude appear more likely to change the way they organize their enterprise and tend to have higher income growth.
Forfattere
Arnt Kristian GjertsenSammendrag
A multi-source forest inventory (MSFI) method has been developed for use in the Norwegian National Forest Inventory (NFI). The method is based on a k-nearest neighbour rule and uses field plots from the NFI, land cover maps, and satellite image data from Landsat Thematic Mapper. The inventory method is used to produce maps of selected forest variables and to estimate the selected forest variables for large areas such as municipalities. In this study, focus has been on the qualitative variables ‘dominating species group\" and ‘development class\" because these variables are of central interest to forest managers. A mid-summer Landsat 5 TM scene was used as image data, and all NFI plots inside the scene were used as a reference dataset. The relationship between the spectral bands and the forest variables was analysed, and it was found that the levels of association were low. A leave-one-out method based on the reference dataset was used to estimate the pixel-level accuracies. They were found to be relatively low with 63% agreement for species groups. An independent control survey was available for a municipality and estimates from the MSFI were compared to it. The levels of error were quite high. It was concluded that the large area estimates were biased by the reference dataset.