Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Mensur Vegara Thor S. Larsen Hans Magnus Gjøen Anders Kiessling Roger K. Abrahamsen Ole Hofstad Lars Helge Frivold Bal Ram Singh Roberto Garcia Geir-Harald Strand dag-ragnar blystad Åsmund AsdalSammendrag
The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) has been funding an NORWEGIAN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE) PROGRAMME IN AGRICULTURE; ?Competence transfer and institutional contact and co-operation between faculties of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Medicine in South Eastern Europe?, (2002 ?2005). The main objectives under this programme were: - To improve organising, content and quality of academic education and research in agriculture, veterinary medicine and forestry to meet with needs for qualified people in ongoing rebuilding after wars and to reach the general European level and standards. - Create functional and sustainable networks of regional institutions and professionals to support each other and cooperate for optimal use of limited available resources in the SEE region in a difficult rebuilding situation. The main activities were: - Research and development projects in the areas of animal sciences, crop and fodder production and use of GIS-methods in forestry and agriculture. - Support to development of staff and institutions in form of study stays, study material, covering of costs for laboratory analysis etc. related to M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis work, guest lecturing and some equipment. - Support to reorientation of academic education in agriculture, forestry and veterinary medicine. - Support to regional networks, professional meetings, further development and use of the Programme web site and web-based teaching. The most important strategy in this Programme was to facilitate for institutional cooperation and network building between partners in the SEE area. Therefore a broad approach was chosen with a large number of partners (16) from all actual geographical areas in SEE - West Balkan - (Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia & Montenegro) and representing most of the different ethnical groups in the region. In 2004, Norway?s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) invited the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Noragric to present plans for a new, targeted programme on agriculture, forestry and veterinary medicine in the SEE/WB region. Noragric is UMB?s Department for International Environment and Development Studies. With its professional staff from several nations, Noragric plays active roles in national and international committees and networks, in advisory roles for NORAD and MFA, and in institutional collaboration with many partners throughout the world. Noragric brings together research, education and development-related assignments with a focus on developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Besides its role as the international gateway for UMB, Noragric also acts on behalf of the Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine (NVH) and Norwegian Agricultural Research International (NARI), which form alliances with UMB. With more than 40 years of collaboration between UMB and academic and professional institutions in developing countries and in Eastern Europe, Noragric has established a broad network of worldwide contacts.
Forfattere
Mensur Vegara Thor S. Larsen Hans Magnus Gjøen Anders Kiessling Roger K. Abrahamsen Ole Hofstad Lars Helge Frivold Bal Ram Singh Roberto Garcia Geir-Harald Strand dag-ragnar blystad Åsmund AsdalSammendrag
The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) has been funding an NORWEGIAN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (SEE) PROGRAMME IN AGRICULTURE; Competence transfer and institutional contact and co-operation between faculties of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Medicine in South Eastern Europe, (2002 ?2005). The main objectives under this programme were: - To improve organising, content and quality of academic education and research in agriculture, veterinary medicine and forestry to meet with needs for qualified people in ongoing rebuilding after wars and to reach the general European level and standards. - Create functional and sustainable networks of regional institutions and professionals to support each other and cooperate for optimal use of limited available resources in the SEE region in a difficult rebuilding situation. The main activities were: - Research and development projects in the areas of animal sciences, crop and fodder production and use of GIS-methods in forestry and agriculture. - Support to development of staff and institutions in form of study stays, study material, covering of costs for laboratory analysis etc. related to M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis work, guest lecturing and some equipment. - Support to reorientation of academic education in agriculture, forestry and veterinary medicine. - Support to regional networks, professional meetings, further development and use of the Programme web site and web-based teaching. The most important strategy in this Programme was to facilitate for institutional cooperation and network building between partners in the SEE area. Origin application (05/420-3, 07.12.06) to MFA, for budget of activities for the secon year 2007, was NOK 4.830.000. The MFA reduced applied budget approximately by 18%. Funding of NOK 4.000.000 was granted by the MFA for this program?s second year 2007. See UD bevilgningsbrev, 05/00396-12, from 19. April 2007, Appendix 1, page 48-51. According to the UD bevilgningsbrev budget and activities for the secon year 2007 wear redused, see NORAGRIC?s letter 05/420-3, 07.05.2007, e-mail 07.05.2007, page 45 and UD letter 05/00396-16, from 19 November 2007, page 46. See also e-mail Status report for UD Project nr. 2070061, 25.06.2007, page 47. The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), through Noragric, UMB?s Department for International Environment and Development Studies, has been responsible for the overall preparations, coordination and implementation of this programme. The programme?s Coordinator has also been part time active with scientific and education in several projects and activities. UMB/Noragric has been responsible for accounting and reporting for the programme. Programme activities include: ? Programme budgets for each projects and activities have been prepared. ? There have been preparations of agreements (54 agreements) between SEE/WB partners and Norwegian partners for the implementation of planned programme activities and transfer of funds for 2007. ? FINAL reports for the second year of the programme activities (2007) have been prepared ? for each of the 9 projects according to MFA?s template for project reporting.
Forfattere
Pavel Cudlín Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka Maria Rudawska Tine Grebenc Odair Alberton Tarja Lehto Mark R. Bakker Isabella Børja Bohdan Konôpka Tomasz Leski Hojka Kraigher Thomas W. KuyperSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Pavel Cudlin Barbara Kielisziewska - Rokicka Maria Rudawska Tine Grebenc O Alberton Tarja Lehto Mark R. Bakker Isabella Børja Bohdan Konôpka T Leski Hojka Kraigher Thomas W. KuyperSammendrag
Human-induced and natural stress factors can affect fine roots and ectomycorrhizas. Therefore they have potential utility as indicators of environmental change. We evaluated, through meta-analysis, the magnitude of the effects of acidic deposition, nitrogen deposition, increased ozone levels, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, and drought on fine roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) characteristics. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was an unsuitable parameter for environmental change, but fine root length and biomass could be useful. Acidic deposition had a significantly negative impact on fine roots, root length being more sensitive than root biomass. There were no significant effects of nitrogen deposition or elevated tropospheric ozone on the quantitative root parameters. Elevated CO2 had a significant positive effect. Drought had a significantly negative effect on fine root biomass. The negative effect of acidic deposition and the positive effect of elevated CO2 increased over time, indicating that effects were persistent contrary the other factors. The meta-analysis also showed that experimental conditions, including both laboratory and field experiments, were a major source of variation. In addition to quantitative changes, environmental changes affect the species composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community.
Forfattere
Arild Sletten Trond RafossSammendrag
This report assesses the plant health risk for the bacterial plant disease fire blight for the Pest Risk Assessment area of Norway. In addition to providing an updated pest categorisation for fire blight in relation to Norway, the report provide new results on fruit tree blossom infection risk based on examination of historical climate and phenology data. The report conclude that if E. amylovora is introduced into the main fruit growing districts of Norway, it is expected that the damage and losses to commercial fruit production and nurseries will be minor, under the current phytosanitary regime in Norway. Relaxation of the regulations in force for fighting fire blight in Norway will increase the expected damage and losses to commercial fruit production and nurseries to a moderate level.
Forfattere
Marie Alexis Daniel Rasse C. Rumpel G. Bardoux N. Péchot P. Schmalzer B.G. Drake A. MariottiSammendrag
Fire profoundly modifies the terrestrial C cycle of about 40% of the Earth"s land surface. The immediate effect of fire is that of a net loss of C as CO2 gas and soot particles to the atmosphere. Nevertheless, a proportion of the ecosystem biomass is converted into charcoal, which contains highly recalcitrant molecular structures that contribute to long-term C storage. The present study aimed to assess simultaneously losses to the atmosphere and charcoal production rates of C and N compounds as a result of prescription fire in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem. Pre-fire and post-fire charred and unburned organic matter stocks were determined for vegetation leaves and stems, litter and soil in 20 sub-plots installed in a 30-ha area that was subjected to prescribed fire. Concentrations of C and N were determined, and fluxes among pools and to the atmosphere were derived from these measurements. Soil C and N stocks were unchanged by the fire. Post-fire standing dead biomass contained 30% and 12% of pre-fire vegetation C and N stocks, respectively. In litter, post-fire stocks contained 64% and 83% of pre-fire C and N stocks, respectively. Most of the difference in relative losses between vegetation and litter could be attributed to substantial litter fall of charred and unburned leaves during the fire event. Indeed, an estimated 21% of pre-fire vegetation leaf C was found in the post-fire litter, while the remaining 79% was lost to the atmosphere. About 3/4 of the fire-induced leaf litter fall was in the form of unburned tissue and the remainder was charcoal, which amounted to 5% of pre-fire leaf C stocks. Charcoal production ranged between 4% and 6% of the fireaffected biomass, i.e. the sum of charcoal production and atmospheric losses. This value is below the range of literature values for the transformation of plant tissue into stable soil organic matter through humification processes, which suggests that fire generates a smaller quantity of stable organic C than humification processes over decades and potentially centuries.
Sammendrag
Vortemjølkrust, Melampsora euphorbiae, vart hausten 2006 for første gong funnen i norsk julestjerneproduksjon. Soppen gir nekrotiske flekkar på oversida av blada og typiske gul-oransje rustflekkar på undersida. Vi har sett skade på opp til 13 blad på enkeltplanter, og også braktéane får angrep. Skadeomfanget er stort i enkelte gartneri. I julestjerne er sjukdomen frå før berre rapportert frå India, Tanzania og Mauritius. Soppen er difor ikkje tidlegare registrert i julestjerner verken i Europa eller Amerika.
Sammendrag
I et kontinuerlig produksjonsforsøk med 32 melkekyr (2005-06) i økologisk landbruk ble kraftfôrrasjoner basert på fiskemel og erter sammenlikna. Ved hjelp av kornblanding (havre og bygg) ble rasjonene balansert til å bli isonitrogene og isoenergetiske. Dyra var permanent (over tre år) fordelt på 2 grupper med en årlig kraftfôrtildeling tilsvarende henholdsvis 40% (H) og 10% (L) av fôrrasjonen (regnet på energibasis). Fiskemel ga høyere melkeytelse enn erter, og minst like god melkesmak. Fettsyresammensetningen i melka var gunstigst når fiskemel ble fôret. Både fiskemel og havre kan ha bidratt til den gunstige sammensetningen av fettsyrer. Både fiskemel og erter er gode proteinfôrmidler for økologisk melkeproduksjon. En kombinasjon av de to proteinkildene kan forventes å være særlig gunstig, siden fiskemel inneholder mye høyverdig protein som i liten grad brytes ned i vom, mens erteproteinet i større grad bidrar med nedbrytbart protein som stimulerer mikrobeproteinproduksjonen i vom.
Forfattere
Steffen Adler Åshild T. RandbySammendrag
I et kontinuerlig produksjonsforsøk med 32 melkekyr (2005-06) i økologisk landbruk ble kraftfôrrasjoner basert på fiskemel og erter sammenlikna. Ved hjelp av kornblanding (havre og bygg) ble rasjonene balansert til å bli isonitrogene og isoenergetiske. Dyra var permanent over tre år) fordelt på 2 grupper med en årlig kraftfôrtildeling tilsvarende henholdsvis 40% (H) og 10% (L) av fôrrasjonen (regnet på energibasis). Fiskemel ga høyere melkeytelse enn erter, og minst like god melkesmak. Fettsyresammensetningen i melka var gunstigst når fiskemel ble fôret. Både fiskemel og havre kan ha bidratt til den gunstige sammensetningen av fettsyrer. Både fiskemel og erter er gode proteinfôrmidler for økologisk melkeproduksjon. En kombinasjon av de to proteinkildene kan forventes å være særlig gunstig, siden fiskemel inneholder mye høyverdig protein som i liten grad brytes ned i vom, mens erteproteinet i større grad bidrar med nedbrytbart protein som stimulerer mikrobeproteinproduksjonen i vom.
Forfattere
Hallvard JensenSammendrag
Fiskepredasjon i innsjøer skjer gjennom fiskespisende fisk og er med på å påvirke næringsdynamikken i akvatiske økosamfunn. Gjennom feltundersøkelser er vist at ørret (Salmo trutta L.) kan være en storkonsument av små byttefisk, og at tilgangen av byttefiskarter i egnede størrelser og høye tettheter er viktige faktorer som påvirker næringsvalget til predatoren.