Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Alhaji Jeng Roshan Bajracharya Bishal Sitaula Bed Mani Dahal Subodh ShermaSammendrag
Agricultural intensification (AI) has for the past two or three decades been a widely practiced agricultural production system used in the mid-Hill watersheds of Central Nepal. This has been triggered by rising human and livestock populations which exert a serious pressure to the available agricultural land. The need to increase and secure agricultural output required greater use of agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides). The indiscriminate use of diverse types of pesticides and the exposure of farmers to these raised a number of questions relating to health, produce quality and environmental degradation. Kathmandu University in cooperation with Agricultural University of Norway and Jordforsk initiated a three year project in 2003 funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Development (NORAD) to, among others, provide: 1. A clearer understanding of the potentially adverse impacts of agriculture intensification in the mid-hills of Nepal; 2. Improved understanding of how market forces and external interventions may impact socio-economic development of rural communities and factors motivating farmers to adopt intensive production systems in the mid-hills; and 3. Useful policy formulation and implementation guidelines and tools for rapid assessment of land use and agricultural impacts of AI on soil and water quality and on environment and human health. LUKKET RAPPORT
Sammendrag
In the north-western European countries Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland, variability in the forms, amounts and timing of phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land is related to national differences in climate, soil, hydrological conditions and agricultural production. The dissolved form of P constitutes 9"93% of the total phosphorus (TP) in water, subsurface drainage can contribute 12"60% and surface erosion 40"88% of TP transfer. TP export in small agricultural streams is generally in the range 0.3"6 kg ha)1 year)1, with the highest losses in Norway and UK. All four countries are complying with the EU Water Framework Directive and developing a range of measures based on P source with transport controls over P losses. A decreasing trend in TP losses has been detected in agricultural streams following the introduction of measures to reduce erosion in Norway. Average P concentrations in Swedish streams have shown a reduction of nearly 2% per year since 1993 as a result of measures introduced in southern Sweden. However, in two large rivers in agricultural regions of Sweden, the concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and TP were shown to increase by 0.4% and 0.7% per year, respectively, over the period 1975"2004, possibly as a result of climate change. It is too early to detect trends in agricultural contributions to P in surface waters as a result of catchment-sensitive farming (CSF) in the UK and Ireland.
Forfattere
jihong liu clarkeSammendrag
Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotzsch), is a contemporary symbol of Christmas in most parts of the world. Today, Europe and North America represent the largest volume of production and sales, but demand is growing quickly in the Australian regions as poinsettia become popular each year (Williams 2005). In Norway, poinsettia is one of the most important pot plants with a yearly production close to 6 million plants. Its ornamental value and innovation potential has laid the foundation for an extensive research in Norway and elsewhere. Two viruses i.e. poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV) and poinsettia cryptic virus (PnCV) can cause diseases on modern poinsettia cultivars. PnMV gives visible symptoms in poinsettia during parts of the growing season. Growers show great interest to the potential benefits of growing PnMV-free poinsettias. Traditionally, PnMV-free poinsettia plants were obtained by in vitro culture of apical meristems. However, it is a time-consuming method and the regenerated new PnMV-free poinsettia has sometimes lost the branching characteristics which is important for poinsettia. Therefore, we have developed Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach for poinsettia. Using this method, we have produced transgenic poinsettia with improved resistance against poinsettia mosic virus (PMV). Molecular analyses have confirmed the stable integration of transgenes into the poinsettia genome. The mechanical inoculation experiments of PnMV and Elisa assays revealed the improved PnMV resistance among the transgenic lines. SiRNA analysis has revealed the gene silencing mediated resistance. This is the first report describing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation on poinsettia. The methodology developed could also facilitate the further improvement of this ornamental plant with aims to enhance its disease resistances, quality traits, desirable colour and ornamental values for meeting the markets demands.
Sammendrag
Fem nye mjøldoggtolerante sorter ble sammenlignet med målesorten "Rapides" i lyskultur med nedsenking og planting om høsten. Det ble ikke funnet forskjell i avling mellom sortene. Selv om det ble påvist forskjeller i agurkkvalitet, tidlighet og mjøldoggtoleranse, var ingen av sortene et klart bedre alternativ enn "Rapides".
Sammendrag
Agurkgrønnmosaikkvirus (Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, CGMMV) er et svært smittsomt virus som hører til i Tobamovirus-slekten (samme slekten som tomatmosaikkvirus). CGMMV infiserer planter tilhørende gresskarfamilien (Cucurbitaceae). Hos oss er CGMMV bare å finne som skadegjører i agurk. CGMMV er påvist i mange land verden over - i andre land er det også påvist som skadegjører i vannmelon, melon og kalebass. Agurkgrønnmosaikkvirus er relativt vanlig forekommende i agurk i Europa, mens viruset har hatt en begrenset utbredelse i andre nordiske land de siste 25 årene med under 10 kjente tilfeller i hvert av landene i denne perioden. Etter at dette viruset ikke har vært funnet i Norge på over 20 år, har det nå dukket opp to tilfeller av dette viruset i Rogaland. Agurkgrønnmosaikkvirus er svært smittsomtl. Det er derfor er en utfordring å få til en god bekjempelse. Med godt kjennskap til symptomer, spredningsveier og mulige bekjempelsestiltak har vi imidlertid mulighet til å få til en vellykket kontroll av dette viruset.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Denne presentasjonen tok for seg situasjonen angående agurkgrønnmosaikkvirus i Norge - de fire, nye tilfellene i 2007 og bekjemelsestiltak. Det ble også orientert om det nye EU-prosjektet angående pepinomosaikkvirus - PEPEIRA . Norge ved Bioforsk har en rolle som partner i dette prosjektet.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Agurkgrønnmosaikkvirus (Cucumber grenn mottle mosaic virus, CGMMV) er et svært smittsomt virus som hører til i Tobamovirus-slekten (samme slekten som tomatmosaikkvirus) . CGMMV infiserer planter tilhørende gresskarfamilien (Cucurbitaceae). Hos oss er CGMMV bare å finne som skadegjører i agurk. Etter at dette viruset ikke har vært funnet i Norge på over 20 år, har det nå dukket opp et tilfelle av dette viruset. Dette gjør det aktuelt å se på noen fakta angående agrukgrønnmosaikkvirus.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Foredraget fokuserte på nye funn av agurkgrønnmosaikkvirus i Norge i 2007. Viruset har ikke vært påvist siden 1983. Mulige smitteveier og aktuelle bekjempelsestiltak ble diskutert.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag