Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Redaktører
Ulrike Naumann Odd Finnes Espen HauglandSammendrag
Konferansen Arktisk Landbruk 2009 ble arrangert 16. – 17. april i Tromsø, som den femte i rekken av konferanser for landbruket i nord og Barentsregionen. Nytt av året er samarbeidet med Nordnorsk landbruksrådgiving, Troms Landbruksfaglige senter, Fylkesmannen i Troms og Nordnorsk Landbruksråd, samt et program med større fokus enn tidligere på aktive næringsutøvere. Denne utgaven av Bioforsk Fokus inneholder et sammendrag av 17 av konferansens foredrag. Innhold i denne publikasjonen følger oppsett av seksjonene i konferanseprogrammet, som var: Mulighetens marked, Næring i utvikling, Jord og planter, Fôr og fôring, Sau, Geit og Grønnsaker. For foredrag i seksjonen Gjødsling henviser vi til ovennevnte link på våre nettsider. Landbruk i Nordområdene står ovenfor utfordringer både med sikte på klima- og samfunnsutvikling. Det å få samlet så mange aktører fra Nord-Norge, Norge, og våre naboland Finland og Russland, bidrar til erfaringsutveksling, formidling av kompetanse og nettverksbygging på tvers av sektorer og landegrenser og legger dermed grunnlag for felles problemløsing av utfordringer vi alle står ovenfor.
Sammendrag
Published data of pH and conductivity in some acid humic waters have shown erroneous corresponding values. This means that the values were not consistent with each other according to well-recognized hydrochemistry. A main questions was arised in this connection. Were the measurements correct and if not which of them were wrong, pH, conductivity or both ? Assessment on basis of calculated and measured conductivity values, by using published data and own measurements, indicate primarily erroneous pH measurements. This makes the scientific papers which are based on these remarkable results partly of questionable value. Conductivity should generally act as a controlling parameter even if the latter also could have some uncertainties.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Tatsiana Espevig Bjørn Molteberg Arne Tronsmo Ole Martin Eklo Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Gro Hege Ludvigsen Marit AlmvikSammendrag
Take-all patch (Gaeumannomyces graminis) and snow mould (Microdochium nivale and Typhula spp.) are common diseases on sand-based golf greens. Our objectives were (1) to study potential suppression of these diseases on new greens by inclusion of 20 % (v/v) garden compost ‘Green Mix" (GM) in the otherwise straight sand (SS) root zones; (2) to study efficacy against these diseases and leaching potential of fungicides approved for turfgrass use in Norway; and (3) to evaluate if repeated use of fungicide has any effect on microbial numbers in USGA root zones. Prochloraz (0.45 kg a.i. ha-1), azoxystobin + propiconazole, (0.200 + 0.125 kg a.i. ha-1), or trifloxystobin + propiconazole (0.1875 + 125 kg a.i. ha-1) were applied for two consecutive years on two experimental greens, one including field lysimeters with either SS or GM root zones. Iprodione (2.250 kg a.i.ha-1) was applied only outside the lysimeter facility. None of the fungicides had any significant effect on take-all at the applied rates. Azoxystobin + propiconazole and trifloxystrobin + propiconazole were more efficient than prochloraz and iprodione in controlling snow mould. Leaching from SS root zones increased in the order trifloxystrobin< prochloraz
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Tatsiana Espevig Bjørn Molteberg Arne Tronsmo Ole Martin Eklo Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Gro Hege Ludvigsen Marit AlmvikSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
The thesis presents fungi and Phytophthora spp. found on true fir (Abies spp.) in nursery, Christmas tree, bough and landscape plantings in Norway during 2000-2009. Several soil borne organisms were causing root and butt rots, with Phytophthora spp. being the most serious. Fortunately, Phytophthora spp. are so far not widespread on fir in Norway, but they can be disastrous where established. In 2004, P. cambivora was isolated from noble fir (A. procera), P. megasperma from subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa), and a Phytophthora sp. most similar to P. inundata from Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana). In 2009, a Phytophthora sp. was isolated at one new subalpine fir Christmas tree location. Many airborne fungi, representing several genera, caused foliar, shoot, and stem diseases; Botryotinia fuckeliana, Cytospora sp., Delphinella abietis, Herpotrichia parasitica, Melampsora abieti-capraearum, Neonectria sp., Phaeocryptopus nudus, Phomopsis spp., Pucciniastrum epilobii, Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii, and Sydowia polyspora. The pathogenicity of Camarosporium, Camarographium, and Pestalotiopsis funerea is uncertain. Aslo two organisms that are not considered pathogenic are presented, but they commonly appear on fir; Cladosporium sp., and Thysanophora penicillioides. Several of the presented organisms are new to the fungal flora of Norway.
Forfattere
Keith MacMillan Solveig Haukeland Robbie Rae Iain Young John Crawford Simona Hapca Michael WilsonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Transport and turnover of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important in the C cycle of organic soils. The concentration of DOC in soil water is buffered by adsorption to the soil matrix, and has been hypothesized to depend on the pool size of adsorbed DOC. We have studied the effect of frequent artificial excessive leaching events on concentration and flux of DOC in shallow, organic rich mountain soils. Assuming a constant Kd value for DOC adsorption to the soil matrix, we used these data to assess the change in the pool of adsorbed (or potential) DOC in the soil. The study involved manipulation of precipitation amount and frequency in summer and autumn in small, heathland catchments at Storgama, southern Norway. The shallow soils (16 to 34 cm deep on average) limit the possibility for changes in water flow paths during events. The mini-catchments range in size from 75 m2 to 98 m2. Our data show that after leaching of about 1.2 g DOC m-2 the DOC concentration in runoff declines by approximately 50%. From this we conclude that the pool size of adsorbed potential DOC in the shallow soils at any time is of the order 2-3 g m-2. Frequent episodes suggest that the replenishment rate, which depends on the decomposition rate of soil organic matter, is fast and the potential DOC pool could be fully restored probably within days during summer, but with some more time required in autumn, due to lower temperatures. Both pool size of potential DOC and replenishment rate are seasonally dependent. The pool of potential DOC, and thus the DOC concentration in discharge, is at their maximum in the growing season. However, under non-leaching conditions, the concentration of DOC in soil water and thus the pool size of potential DOC seems to level off, possibly due to conversion of DOC to less reversibly bound forms, or to further decomposition to CO2.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Rune Slimestad Ingunn M. VågenSammendrag
Onions, Allium cepa L., have been investigated with respect to distribution of sugars, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), flavonols, total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), pyruvate, dry weight content and total soluble solids (SSC) in the different edible scales of the bulbs. Six scales from the cultivars ‘Red Baron" and ‘Hytech" were analyzed in fresh onions. The red cultivar ‘Red Baron" showed an increase in SSC from 10.1 in the outermost to 12.8 ºBrix in the innermost scales. The content of fructose decreased inwards whereas the content of sucrose showed a slight increase (both p < 0.001). The level of glucose was nearly the same in the different scales. FOS was found to increase inwards (p < 0.001). The total amount of flavonols in ‘Red Baron" was found to decrease inwards from 368 to 45 mg/ 100 g FW. The greatest drop in flavonol concentration was found between the first and the second scales in all samples. Quercetin 3,4"-diglucoside was the most predominant flavonol in the all samples. Strong correlations (r = 0.90) were found between the total amounts of quercetins and the antioxidant capacities.