Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Amy Marie Patrin Oen Magnus Sparrevik David Nicholas Barton Sekhar Udaya Nagothu Gerald Jan Ellen Gijs D. Breedveld Jens Skei Adriaan SlobSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In Norway, Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) and subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa) are the dominant Christmas tree species, and noble fir (A. procera) the dominant bough plant species. To determine if fungi found to cause diseases on fir in Norway might be seed borne, samples from twelve seed lots, including Nordmann fir from Austria, Georgia and Russia, subalpine fir from Canada and Norway and noble fir from Norway were tested using agar plate methods (PDA and WA). The most important finding was that Sydowia polyspora was present on seed from all firs from all countries (nine samples infected, 0.5 - 85 % infected seeds). Recently, it has been demonstrated in Norway that this fungus is the cause of current season needle necrosis (CSNN), which is considered a major disease in the Christmas tree and bough production both in Europe and USA. Sirococcus coniguenus was found in a Norwegian A. procera seed lot (31% infected seeds), which to our knowledge is the first report of this pathogen on fir seeds. Caloscypha fulgens was detected on subalpine fir seed from Canada. In addition the following fungal genera were detected: Acremoniella, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Botrytis, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Diaphorte, Dictyopolyschema, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Genicularia, Mucor, Neonectria, Penicillium, Phoma, Rhizopus, Sordaria, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, and an unidentified fungus.
Sammendrag
In Norway, Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) and subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa) are the dominant Christmas tree species, and noble fir (A. procera) the dominant bough plant species. Several fungal shoot and foliage diseases may reduce their marketability. To determine if fungi found to cause diseases on fir in Norway might be seed borne, samples from twelve seed lots, including five Nordmann fir (from Austria, Georgia and Russia), four subalpine fir (from Canada and Norway) and three noble fir seed lots (from Norway) have been tested using agar plate methods (PDA and WA). The most important finding was that Sydowia polyspora was present on seed from all firs from all countries. Recently, it has been demonstrated in Norway that this fungus is the biotic cause of cause current season needle necrosis (CSNN), which is considered a major disease in the Christmas tree and bough production both in Europe and USA. Sirococcus conigenus, causing shoot blight of several conifer species, was found in a Norwegian A. procera seed lot (31% infected seeds), which to our knowledge is the first report of this pathogen on noble fir seed. Caloscypha fulgens, the seed or cold fungus, was recorded at low levels on subalpine fir from Canada. In addition 20 fungal genera and an unidentified fungus were recorded. Species within some of these genera are known pathogens in nurseries and production fields.
Sammendrag
In Norway, Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) and subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa) are the dominant Christmas tree species, and noble fir (A. procera) the dominant bough plant species. Several fungal shoot and foliage diseases may reduce their marketability. To determine if fungi found to cause diseases on fir in Norway might be seed borne, samples from twelve seed lots, including five Nordmann fir (from Austria, Georgia and Russia), four subalpine fir (from Canada and Norway) and three noble fir seed lots (from Norway) have been tested using agar plate methods (PDA and WA). The most important finding was that Sydowia polyspora was present on seed from all firs from all countries. Recently, it has been demonstrated in Norway that this fungus is the biotic cause of cause current season needle necrosis (CSNN), which is considered a major disease in the Christmas tree and bough production both in Europe and USA. Sirococcus conigenus, causing shoot blight of several conifer species, was found in a Norwegian A. procera seed lot (31% infected seeds), which to our knowledge is the first report of this pathogen on noble fir seed. Caloscypha fulgens, the seed or cold fungus, was recorded at low levels on subalpine fir from Canada. In addition 20 fungal genera and an unidentified fungus were recorded. Species within some of these genera are known pathogens in nurseries and production fields.
Forfattere
Inge M. Hanssen Rick Mumford Dag-Ragnar Blystad Isabel Cortez Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska Dimitrinka Hristova Israel Pagán Ana-Maria Pereira Jeff Peters Henryk Pospieszny Maja Ravnikar Ineke Stijger Laura Tomassoli Christina Varveri René van der Vlugt Steen Lykke NielsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Maria GorevaSammendrag
Hårfeller er en svært effektiv metode for å samle inn genetisk materiale for undersøkelse av brunbjørnbestander. I nasjonalparkene Lemmenjoki og Øvre Anárjohka gikk seks bjørner i hårfella i 2009.Les mer: http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2010/mars/246414
Forfattere
Kjell Andreassen Birger Solberg Øyvind JacobsenSammendrag
Four forest management systems, clear cutting, mountain forest selective cutting (50-90 % of volume removed), group system and single tree selection system (20-50 % of volume removed) were compared in two Norway spruce mountain forest stands. The sites are located 650 m.a.s.l., which is about 100 meter below the alpine tree line in this region. The background for this experiment was that the forest owner wanted to examine alternatives to clear cutting with silvicultural methods where some trees were left in the stand to protect regenerating against frost, to maintain biodiversity, and for recreational reasons in such areas close to the tree line. In twenty 400 m2 systematically sampled plots we assessed or measured vegetation type, regeneration, diameter of all trees > 2.5 dbh, tree heights, annual growth from increment cores, tree quality, old stumps and windthrows. In addition, time studies of the four harvesting methods were performed close to each other in the area. The following mean values were estimated in the two stands before cutting: Area 7 hectares, volume 170 m3/ha, mean diameter 23 cm, mean height 18 m, stems 550/ha, seedlings 150/ha, productivity 3 m3/ha/yr. The diameter distribution of the two stands was almost similar to a reverse J-shaped curve, but a larger amount of trees in some medium and large diameter classes were observed. However, most of the 230 m3 harvested trees were medium and large sized. Annual increment indicated growth reactions 3 years after harvesting. The operational costs were estimated according to time studies of the harvesting and extraction of 580 trees. Analyses of net present value, where bare land value and all future revenues and expenses were estimated and discounted backwards to the harvesting year, indicates less profitability for group selection and selection system than clear cutting and mountain forest selective cutting.
Forfattere
Espen Govasmark Anicke Brandt-Kjelsen Brit SalbuSammendrag
The diet is the major source of Se to man and intake of this essential element depends on the Se concentration in food and the amount of food consumed. Since the levels of Se in agricultural products in Northern Europe are generally low, Se deficiency to man and animal is a significant problem in many countries. Agronomic Se-fortification of plant products is one strategy to increase the human Se intake. Estimation of diets for Se adequacy requires information not only on the total Se, but also on Se-species, accessibility, bioavailability of Se-species in food. Therefore, the present work focuses on the distribution and speciation of Se in Se enriched wheat grains and its accessibility estimated from extraction with human gastro intestinal juices (HGIJ) and Se bioavailability to chicken determined as the bioconcentration factor (BCF); breast muscle/feed intake Se concentration. In the present work, wheat grains were Se-selenate enriched by soil or foliar fertilisation in a greenhouse experiment at seeding or tillering with or without a spilt nitrogen fertilisation strategy to investigate (1) if the Se-species distribution in grains were affected. Then, field grown Se-enriched wheat grains were used (2) to estimate the total and Se-species distribution in the flour and bran and its accessibility, as chicken feed (3) to estimate the Se BCF and as ingredience in bread (4) to investigate Se-transformation and estimate the Se-accessibility from wheat flour to bakery product. Se-speciation was performed using an anion exchange-HPLC-ICP/MS system with 25-250 mM NH4Ac, pH 5.1 gradient elution. The Se fertilisation with selenate at tillering is more efficient than at seedling and additional N-fertilisation at tillering increases the Se-uptake and re-translocation from leaf to grains. Selenomethionine (SeMet) was the dominant Se-species in the grains, but an unidentified Se-species (Se-cysteine?) is to be investigated. Selenate fertilization closest to grain filing period had a higher proportion of selenate and a lower ratio between SeMet and the unidentified Se species, than Se fertilization at seeding. N fertilisation did not affect the Se-species distribution. The Se concentration in field grown wheat grains was 1.2 mg Se kg-1, while the concentrations in flour and bran were 1.1 and 1.6 mg Se kg-1, respectively. The main Se-species in the bran and flour was SeMet. The flour and bran HGIJ extraction showed that Se in the flour was more accessible than in the bran, but since the bran has a higher Se concentration, the amount of Se accessible was about the same for flour and bran. The BCF in chicken breast muscle increased from 0.6 to 1.9 by changing from selenite to Se-enriched whole wheat as dietary Se source, thus Se-enriched wheat was more efficient in increasing the chicken meat Se concentration. The bread making procedure did not influence the Se-species distribution when compared to unprocessed flour. The Se-accessibility was higher in the bread kernel compared to the crust, most probably due to high temperature during roasting. High content of bran in the bread decreased the Se-accessibility Thus, agronomic Se-fortification of Se to wheat is a good strategy to increase the human dietary intake and potentially also the human population Se status.
Forfattere
Espen Govasmark Anicke Brandt-Kjelsen Brit SalbuSammendrag
The diet is the major source of Se to man and intake of this essential element depends on the Se concentration in food and the amount of food consumed. Since the levels of Se in agricultural products in Northern Europe are generally low, Se deficiency to man and animal is a significant problem in many countries. Agronomic Se-fortification of plant products is one strategy to increase the human Se intake. Estimation of diets for Se adequacy requires information not only on the total Se, but also on Se-species, accessibility, bioavailability of Se-species in food. Therefore, the present work focuses on the distribution and speciation of Se in Se enriched wheat grains and its accessibility estimated from extraction with human gastro intestinal juices (HGIJ) and Se bioavailability to chicken determined as the bioconcentration factor (BCF); breast muscle/feed intake Se concentration. In the present work, wheat grains were Se-selenate enriched by soil or foliar fertilisation in a greenhouse experiment at seeding or tillering with or without a spilt nitrogen fertilisation strategy to investigate (1) if the Se-species distribution in grains were affected. Then, field grown Se-enriched wheat grains were used (2) to estimate the total and Se-species distribution in the flour and bran and its accessibility, as chicken feed (3) to estimate the Se BCF and as ingredience in bread (4) to investigate Se-transformation and estimate the Se-accessibility from wheat flour to bakery product. Se-speciation was performed using an anion exchange-HPLC-ICP/MS system with 25-250 mM NH4Ac, pH 5.1 gradient elution. The Se fertilisation with selenate at tillering is more efficient than at seedling and additional N-fertilisation at tillering increases the Se-uptake and re-translocation from leaf to grains. Selenomethionine (SeMet) was the dominant Se-species in the grains, but an unidentified Se-species (Se-cysteine?) is to be investigated. Selenate fertilization closest to grain filing period had a higher proportion of selenate and a lower ratio between SeMet and the unidentified Se species, than Se fertilization at seeding. N fertilisation did not affect the Se-species distribution. The Se concentration in field grown wheat grains was 1.2 mg Se kg-1, while the concentrations in flour and bran were 1.1 and 1.6 mg Se kg-1, respectively. The main Se-species in the bran and flour was SeMet. The flour and bran HGIJ extraction showed that Se in the flour was more accessible than in the bran, but since the bran has a higher Se concentration, the amount of Se accessible was about the same for flour and bran. The BCF in chicken breast muscle increased from 0.6 to 1.9 by changing from selenite to Se-enriched whole wheat as dietary Se source, thus Se-enriched wheat was more efficient in increasing the chicken meat Se concentration. The bread making procedure did not influence the Se-species distribution when compared to unprocessed flour. The Se-accessibility was higher in the bread kernel compared to the crust, most probably due to high temperature during roasting. High content of bran in the bread decreased the Se-accessibility Thus, agronomic Se-fortification of Se to wheat is a good strategy to increase the human dietary intake and potentially also the human population Se status.
Sammendrag
Seterdrifta former naturen Fra "Seterlandskapet - der skog og fjell møtes". Veilederen er utgitt av SABIMA (Samarbeidsrådet for biologisk mangfold) i samarbeid med Nordisk Kulturlandskap-Norge og Bioforsk, og med økonomisk støtte fra Finsefondet. Teksten er skrevet av Hanne Sickel og Ellen Svalheim, begge fra Nordisk Kulturlandskapsforbund-Norge og forskere i Bioforsk. Veilederen gir litt av den historiske bakgrunnen og en gjennomgang av generelle praktiske tips og råd for hvordan slik restaurering og skjøtsel kan foregå.