Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Frode VeggelandSammendrag
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Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
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Forfattere
Andrea FickeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Christer Magnusson Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
Some species of plant parasitic nematodes restrict severely the productivity of crops. In Nordic countries nematodes are often overlooked as factors explaining crop failure. This neglect may relate to a 2/3 reduction of personnel in Nordic nematology which has happened since 1994. The resulting decrease in the lecturing and training of students threatens recruitment, scientific development and awareness of plant nematodes as parasites. This is serious since damage from nematodes can only be reduced by correct management of populations. This will contribute to soil health and a sustainable production. Potato cyst nematode (PCN), Globodera spp., is economically the most important pest attacking potato. It is difficult to detect in the fields, and 20 years may elapse before damage is noticed. The cost for managing PCN is high since management relies on intensive monitoring and regulation. PCN is mainly managed by crop rotations with non-hosts crops grown between alternating susceptible and resistant potato. Among cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) the most common species are Heterodera.avenae and H. filipjevi. Both species have pathotypes differing in their host preferences. Under Nordic conditions serious damage seems to appear with about 40-years intervals. For CCN, correct knowledge of species, pathotype and population density is essential in designing crop rotations. Optimal rotations may allow for yield increases of up to 1 t/ha. In Norway and Sweden damage from root knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne hapla on vegetables and M. naasi on cereals, has been detected more frequently in recent years. RKN have their largest importance in continental and southern Europe, and the increase in field damage seen in the Nordic area may be a first sign of climate change. It is likely that also damage from other nematodes will increase with rising temperatures. Research cooperation between Nordic countries seems urgent to meet the future challenges in plant nematology.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Karl Hilding Thunes Fred Midtgaard Lawrence R. Kirkendall Oscar Leveron Vicente EspinoSammendrag
Next to expansion of agricultural land and natural disasters, forest fires, illegal logging and bark beetles constitute the largest threat to the pine forests of Central America. Every year, 80-100.000 ha disappears due to the combined activity of the three factors. Natural disasters such as hurricanes and droughts, as well as poor forest management and wildfires lead to a stressed forest which in turn is advantageous for the increase in bark beetle population levels. Epidemic population levels of attacking beetles are able to kill large quantities of forests within weeks. Moreover, dead wood material acts as fuel for wildfires that have escaped control. We propose a monitoring and control regime which aims holistically and directly to the root causes of wildfires, bark beetle outbreaks and subsequent illegal logging in the pine forests of Central America. Monitoring activities focus on community participation and communication, while control of bark beetles is a combination of both long-term sustainable forest management procedures as well as direct and non-destructive control measures of the beetles to reduce their population levels to an endemic level.
Forfattere
Eva SkarbøvikSammendrag
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Forfattere
Oskar PuschmannSammendrag
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