Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
Climate change is expected to have a vigorous impact on soils and ecosystems due to elevated temperature and changes in precipitation (amount and frequency), thereby altering biogeochemical and hydrological cycles. Several phenomena associated with climate change and anthropogenic activity affect soils indirectly via ecosystem functioning (such as higher atmospheric CO2 concentration and N deposition). Continuous interactions between climate and soils determine the transformation and transport processes. Long-term gradual changes in abiotic environmental factors alter naturally occurring soil forming processes by modifying the soil water regime, mineral composition evolution, and the rate of organic matter formation and degradation. The resulting physical and chemical soil properties play a fundamental role in the productivity and environmental quality of cultivated land, so it is crucial to evaluate the potential outcomes of climate change and soil interactions. This paper attempts to review the underlying long-term processes influenced by different aspects of climate change. When considering major soil forming factors (climate, parent material, living organisms, topography), especially climate, we put special attention to soil physical properties (soil structure and texture, and consequential changes in soil hydrothermal regime), soil chemical properties (e.g. cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter content as influenced by changes in environmental conditions) and soil degradation as a result of longterm soil physicochemical transformations. The temperate region, specifically the Carpathian Basin as a heterogeneous territory consisting of different climatic and soil zones from continental to mountainous, is used as an example to present potential changes and to assess the effect of climate change on soils. The altered physicochemical and biological properties of soils require accentuated scientific attention, particularly with respect to significant feedback processes to climate and soil services such as food security.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
Poteten er, relativt sett, en moderne kulturplante i Norge. Poteten begynte å bre seg i Nordland fra 1780-tallet. Før den tid var kornet den dominerende matveksten som ble prioritert dyrket for å skaffe mat til befolkningen. Kornets relative høye krav til vekstvilkår gjorde imidlertid at avlingene var varierende både mellom landsdeler og år. Uår i kornproduksjonen fikk fatale følger for mattilførselen for landets befolkning, og man begynte etter hvert å prøve ut hvordan den mindre kravstore poteten med sine store avlinger kunne erstatte kornet som næringsmiddel. Potetlefse, potetkake og raspeball/komle/klubb er tradisjonsmat som er et resultat av behovet for å drøye melet. På Vestlandet og i Nord-Norge der vekstforholdene for korn var dårligere enn på de flate østlandsbygder, fikk derfor poteten først rotfeste. På Østlandet ble poteten mer interessant da de fant ut at den kunne brennes. Men da startet problemene...
Forfattere
Per Jarle MøllerhagenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Henrik Forsberg MathiesenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Jakob GeipelSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Chipping of bulky biomass assortments at roadside landings is a common and costly step in the biomass-to-energy supply chain. This operation normally involves one chipping unit and one or several transport trucks working together for simultaneous chipping and chip transport to a terminal or end user. Reducing the delay factors in these operations is a relevant ambition for lowering supply costs. A method to estimate organizational delay based on: (1) the capacity ratio between the transport and the chipper, (2) the use of buffer storage, and (3) the number of transport units involved is suggested here. Other delays will also be present, and some of these may relate to the working conditions at the landing. A method to set a landing functionality index based on characteristics of the forest landing is also suggested. A total of 14 roadside chipping operations were assessed and the operators were interviewed to address the impact of machinery configuration and landing characteristics on machine utilization. At most sites, the chipper was the more productive part, and the chipper utilization was to a large extent limited by organizational delay. Still the utilization of the transport units varied between 37 and 97%, of which some 36% of the variation was explained by the landing functionality index. Knowledge from the work presented here should be a good starting point for improving biomass supply planning and supply chain configuration.