Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Forfattere
Milica Fotiric Aksic B. Guffa U. Gasic D. Dabic Zagorac M. Natic Mekjell MelandSammendrag
The presence of pollinators in orchards is crucial to obtain high fruit set and yields of fruits. Despite the fact that sour cherry cultivars are mainly autogamous, insect visits are still of great importance for their propagation. In order to attract and reward pollinators, flowers have to provide adequate nourishment to them. Besides nectar, bees gather pollen, which are a prerequisite for normal colony growth and development of their broods. ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), an autochthonous cultivar, is the most highly planted cultivar in Serbian commercial orchards. Since the cultivar is actually a mixture of different clones, variability in numerous traits and, particularly, its yields has been reported. Since phenolic compounds are considered to be fundamental pollen chemicals, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds profile in pollen collected from 15 ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry clones with varying productivity levels. Solid phase extraction (SPE), combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and a triple quadruple mass spectrometer (UHPLC DAD-MS/MS), was used to analyse the polyphenolic profile of pollen. Among 23 components quantified, rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound. It ranged from 98.49 (clone V/P) to 358.83 mg kg-1 (clone III/9) and was observed to contribute, on average, 56% of the total phenolic compounds in pollen as quantified in different ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry clones. In addition to this compound, clones contained significant amounts of chlorogenic acid (12.92%), astragalin (8.19%), and hyperoside (5.59%) as well. Cluster analysis grouped pollen clones in four different clusters, which showed that clones III/9, IV/8, and V/P had unique phenolic profiles. Despite the significant differences among the studied clones, the contents of chlorogenic acid, rutin, naringin, hyperoside, astralgin, and phlorizin were distinguishable between the clusters.
Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of embeddedness, highlight its connection with corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies, and argue for its importance in securing and strengthening organizational resiliency. Design/methodology/approach Embeddedness and CSR are both well-researched topics but have been typically addressed on separate literature streams. The paper draws upon this diverse literature to introduce a conceptual framework for embeddedness in CSR. Findings The paper illustrates the importance of embeddedness and how it can enhance existing CSR strategies. A strongly embedded organization becomes deeply rooted on its socio-economic and natural environments, thus setting a symbiotic relationship that extends beyond any narrowly defined business purposes. Strong embeddedness has the potential to increase and further expand any CSR-related benefits while shielding the firm from economic downturns and thus increasing its resilience. Originality/value The paper builds upon CSR literature by incorporating the concept of embeddedness and then proposing how such an approach can strengthen an organization and increase its resilience.
Forfattere
Björn Ringselle Therese With Berge Daniel Stout Tor Arvid Breland Paul E. Hatcher Espen Haugland Matthias Koesling Kjell Mangerud Tor Lunnan Lars Olav BrandsæterSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Ingeborg Callesen Nicholas Clarke Andis Lazdinš Iveta Varnagiryte-Kabasinskiene Karsten Raulund-RasmussenSammendrag
The long-term carrying capacity for biomass production is highly dependent on available soil resources. A soil test method for potential nutrient release capability was applied to 23 Nordic and Baltic forest soil profiles. The soils had coarse (10), medium (12) and fine (1) soil texture and most were podsolising. Extraction with dilute (0.1 M, 1:50 sample:solution ratio) nitric acid for 2 h was followed by 48 h and 168 h of extraction in soil samples from pedogenetic horizons. Dilute nitric acid solution was replaced after each step and release of mineral nutrient elements in solution was determined. C-horizon nutrient release (µmol g−1 fine earth, 0–218 h) was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT 0.5–8.5 °C) and for potassium (K) also mean annual precipitation (MAP 523–1440 mm y−1) suggesting a gradient in the mineralogy of the parent material that sediment transports during Pleistocene glaciations have not distorted. In B-horizons of sandy parent materials with felsic mineralogy cumulative nutrient release was positively correlated with pH and with Al and Fe release suggesting accumulation and stabilisation of nutrients in pedogenic products. E-horizons had less nutrient release capability than C-horizons, indicating a more weathered state of E-horizon parent material. Soil formation due to mineral dissolution and leaching of base cations and the gradient in parent material origin and weathering state both affected the observed pattern of nutrient release. On soils with very low mineral P resources (e.g. < 250 kg P ha−1 to 50 cm) by repeated dilute acid extraction, harvest of nutrient rich biomass will not be sustainable. However, it can’t be concluded that sites with high P availability by 0.1 M HNO3 can support an intensive harvest without compensation of P (and Ca) by fertilisation. Due to buffering of removed base cations in B-horizons, nutrient export with biomass may not be traceable as pH decline at decadal time scale. Therefore, the direct measurement of nutrient stocks by the extraction procedure (or other similar assessment of nutrient reserves by strong acid) is suggested as indicative for the mineral weathering capability of forest soils to recover from P and base cation depletion by biomass harvest.
Forfattere
Michael Roleda Hélène Marfaing Natasa Desnica Rósa Jónsdóttir Jorunn Skjermo Celine Rebours Udo NitschkeSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Effects of annual versus biennial cropping with varying shoot densities on plant structure, berry yield and quality were studied in ‘Glen Ample’ raspberry over a period of four seasons (two cropping years). In the vegetative phase, primocane height and internode length were larger in the annual than in the biennial cropping system. These parameters as well as Botrytis infestation increased with increasing shoot density. In both cropping years, berry yields per unit area were about 20% higher in the biennial cropping system, whereas yields per shoot were not significantly different in the two systems. In both cropping systems, yields per shoot strongly declined with increasing shoot density, while yields per metre row increased slightly. Regardless of cropping system, yields per metre row did not increase with increasing shoot density beyond eight shoots per metre. The concentrations of dry matter, soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid as well as the intensity of juice colour all declined with increasing shoot density. We conclude that under controlled shoot density conditions, there is little scope for biennial yield increases that fully compensates for the lost crops every second year. However, the system greatly facilitates berry harvest and eases plant disease pressure.
Forfattere
Van Minh Dang Stephen Joseph Huu Tap Van Thi Lan Anh Mai Thi Minh Hoa Duong Simon Weldon Paul Munroe David Mitchell Sarasadat TaherymoosaviSammendrag
Heavy metal contamination of crop lands surrounding mines in North Vietnam is a major environmental issue for both farmers and the population as a whole. Technology for the production of biochar at a village and household level has been successfully introduced into Vietnamese villages. This study was undertaken to determine if rice straw biochar produced in simple drum ovens could remediate contaminated land. Tests were also carried out to determine if biochar and apatite mixed together could be more effective than biochar alone. Incubation trials were carried out over 90 days in pots to determine the total changes in exchangeable Cd, Pb and Zn. Detailed tests were carried out to determine the mechanisms that bound the heavy metals to the biochar. It was found that biochar at 5% (BC5) and the mixture of biochar and apatite at 3% (BCA3) resulted in the greatest reduction of exchangeable forms of Cd, Pb and Zn. The increase in soil pH caused by adding biochar and apatite created more negative charge on the soil surface that promoted Pb, Zn and Cd adsorption. Heavy metals were mainly bound in the organic, Fe/Mn and carbonate fractions of the biochar and the mixture of biochar and apatite by either ion exchange, adsorption, dissolution/precipitation and through substitution of cations in large organic molecules.
Forfattere
Louise Eriksson Johanna Boberg Thomas L. Cech Tamara Corcobado Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau Ari Hietala Marilia Horta Jung Thomas Jung Hatice Tugba Dogmus Lehtijarvi Funda Oskay Slavtcho Slavov Halvor Solheim Jan Stenlid Jonas OlivaSammendrag
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2018
Forfattere
Esther BloemSammendrag
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