Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2004
Forfattere
Gunhild Børtnes Erling BerentsenSammendrag
Dekking med fiberduk eller insektnett kan skjerme mot viktige skadedyr i kålvekste, men dekking i heile veksttida kan skape problemer for vekst og kvalitet. Dersom en ser bort fra at det kan være problemer med å få festet dekkemateriale godt til jorda vil type dekke være avgjørende for virkningen på avling og kvalitet. Dekking i løpe av sommeren med fiberduk (Agryl P 10), eller duk med tilsvarende egenskaper, førte i vårt forsøk til mindre rotavling, dårligere farge på skolten og nedsatte smaksegenskaper. Denne duken er trolig lite aktuell. Derimot så insektnett (Rantai) ut til å gi brukbart resultat både for kvalitet og avling.
Forfattere
Rachel A. Garbitt Karen Rae Bone Leslie J. ParentSammendrag
The Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein undergoes transient nuclear trafficking during virus assembly. Nuclear import is mediated by a nuclear targeting sequence within the MA domain. To gain insight into the role of nuclear transport in replication, we investigated whether addition of a "classical" nuclear localization signal (NLS) in Gag would affect virus assembly or infectivity. A bipartite NLS derived from nucleoplasmin was inserted into a region of the MA domain of Gag that is dispensable for budding and infectivity. Gag proteins bearing the nucleoplasmin NLS insertion displayed an assembly defect. Mutant virus particles (RC.V8.NLS) were not infectious, although they were indistinguishable from wild-type virions in Gag, Gag-Pol, Env, and genomic RNA incorporation and Gag protein processing. Unexpectedly, postinfection viral DNA synthesis was also normal, as similar amounts of two-long-terminal-repeat junction molecules were detected for RC.V8.NLS and wild type, suggesting that the replication block occurred after nuclear entry of proviral DNA. Phenotypically revertant viruses arose after continued passage in culture, and sequence analysis revealed that the nucleoplasmin NLS coding sequence was deleted from the gag gene. To determine whether the nuclear targeting activity of the nucleoplasmin sequence was responsible for the infectivity defect, two critical basic amino acids in the NLS were altered. This virus (RC.V8.KR/AA) had restored infectivity, and the MA.KR/AA protein showed reduced nuclear localization, comparable to the wild-type MA protein. These data demonstrate that addition of a second NLS, which might direct MA and/or Gag into the nucleus by an alternate import pathway, is not compatible with productive virus infection.
Forfattere
Frode VeggelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The objective of the project was to evaluate the extension and reasons of pesticide contamination of drinking water wells in an area with intensive cultivation of potatoes and small grains on fluvial deposits. Most of the households in the field drinking water was supplied from simple groundwater wells, consisting of 5/4 - steel pipes with filter tips, hammered down to the groundwater zone. The area was assumed to be vulnerable to groundwater pollution as permeable deposits covered the major part of the area. High concentrations of pesticides had also been found in groundwater wells in a pilot project. In the project extension and causes of pesticide contamination of the drinking water wells have been assessed from: Soil properties, properties of deeper deposits, hydrogeology and groundwater flow, localisation and use of washing sites and agricultural practise, simulations of groundwater flow around washing sites and wells, simulations of diffuse pesticide leakage from soil and monitoring contents of pesticides and nitrates in groundwater samples from drinking water wells. The results show that most of the pesticide contamination to the groundwater in water could be explained by diffuse leakage from soil after application of normal doses of pesticides on the fields. Some few higher concentrations can be explained by point sources. The investigation supports the hypothesis that the high concentrations of metribuzin and metalaksyl in samples of drinking water in the pilot project, were caused by point source contamination from washing sites. Changes in the attitude among the farmers and procedure for spraying after increased focus on the risk of pesticide pollution might have caused a better procedure for handling of pesticides. The combination of washing sites and drinking water wells requires a high degree of attention and knowledge about pesticides, soil and water. Knowledge from the project has brought into focus the question; how to practice the approval and use of pesticides to reduce contamination. Should pesticides be given general approvals or whether approvals might include restrictions within areas with high risks of groundwater contamination. The last approach will move responsibility to the end-users and will also require adequate advisory tools and services.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
Arguments for developing explicit ways of clarifying the scope of scientific methods are the content of the first paragraph. Then several concepts like phenomenon, parameter and model are defined and discussed, and ideas for developing a classification system of meteorological phenomena are introduced. The well known general scientific method, the hypothetico-deductive principle is then discussed and given a more restrictive interpretation than usual, and the outcome of this discussion is a proposal of a documentation system of meteorological parameters, either measured parameters or parameters derived by model calculation. In the concluding paragraph the potential use of the classification system and documentation system outlined in the paper is discussed. References: Sivertsen, T.H. ,2004, Discussing scientific methods and the quality of meteorological data, part of a report to be published by COST 718 ACTION( `Meteorological Applications for Agriculture"), 19 p (In press)
Forfattere
Arve Arstein Marit Henjum HalsnesSammendrag
Aldri før har så store engareal vorte totalskadd etter vinterskade i Sogn og Fjordane. Særleg ille var situasjonen i Sunnfjord, men også andre kommunar fekk store problem med fornying av enga i fjor. I Fortun i Luster kommune og i fleire nordfjordbygder var det mange som hadde store areal skadde av isbrann. I Hordaland var det lite skade samanlikne med Sogn og Fjordane, men ein del gardsbruk i Vaksdal og Voss fekk mykje av enga øydelagt.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Rapporten omhandler vurderinger knyttet til hygienisk belastning fra bruk av husdyrgjødsel i Jonsvatnets nedbørfelt og forslag til soneinndeling og nye klausuleringsbestemmelser etter forslag fra Trondheim kommune. Det er foretatt en befaring på eiendommer med husdyrdrift sammen med grunneiere og kommunen. Ved befaring ble det vurdert risiko for avrenning fra punktkilder, spredeareal for husdyrgjødsel, topografiske forhold av betydning for avrenningsrisiko, forekomst og behov for buffersoner. På bakgrunn av litteraturgjennomgang, befaring og kommunens forlag til soneinndeling er det gitt anbefalinger om tiltak. Det foreslås at enkelte arealer unntas fra spredning av husdyrgjødsel og at enkelte arealer unntas fra beiting. Disse areal er avmerket på kart i rapporten. Det er foretatt en vurdering av forholdene på det enkelte gårdsbruk og det foreslås at det gjøres avtaler tilpasset hver eiendom i stedet for bare generell soneinndeling. Det foreslås å etablere 15meter brede buffersoner langs bekker og kanaler og 20 meter buffersoner langs vann. I buffersonene skal det ikke beites eller spres husdyrgjødsel. Rapporten omhandler også vurdering av fangdammer og gir forslag til lokalisering av nye fangdammer.