Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Forfattere
B. M. Dahal B. K. Sitaula R. M. Bajracharya K. Atreya Alhaji JengSammendrag
Soil and nutrient losses are a major threat to farmland productivity in Nepal. Thus, soil and nutrient losses were monitored and analyzed from two and three crop patterns per year in Ansikhola watershed. Erosion was monitored from multi-terraced garicultural plots consisting of 2 to 3 terraces. The agricultural soil of the watershed was generally rich in terms of organic matter and nutrients (N, P, K). The nitrogen content of soil in leve lowland farm plots was higher in the 2 cropping plots compared to the 3 cropping plots. The soil pH ranged from 4.4 to 5.2 in both intensive and less intensive areas. Soil and nutrient losses were comparitively higher from intensively cropped areas; however, overall losses were less than average losses in other similar watersheds in Nepal.
Forfattere
Bed Mani Dahal Bishal K. Sitaula Roshan M. Bajracharya K. Atreya Alhaji JengSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Boken Soil Erosion in Europe gir en omfattende oversikt over erosjonsprosesser, omfang og fordeling av erosjon i Europa. Den er delt inn i to deler: " Nasjonale oversikter over erosjon og relaterte problemer " Erosjonsprosesser, erosjonsrisiko og konsekvenser av erosjon og tiltak Soil Erosion in Europe er skrevet som en avslutning og oppsummering på et femårig samarbeid i regi av EU sin COST-aksjon 623: Soil erosion and global change der 20 land og 114 forfattere har bidratt. Boka er svært verdifull for alle som er opptatt av jord- og miljøspørsmål, spesielt forskere og studenter som ønsker å få en oversikt over dette fagområdet.
Forfattere
Helge Lundekvam Lillian Øygarden Trond Børresen Arnold Arnoldussen John Boardman Jean PoesenSammendrag
Soil erosion in Norway Abstract Soil erosion in Norway mainly occurs in autumn and winter period. High soil losses may occur by heavy snowmelt and/or rainfall in combination with frozen and not covered soil. Dominating erosion processes are sheet and rill erosion, deeper rilling caused by concentrated surface runoff, gullying and erosion in connection with tile drains. Research on tillage systems have been ongoing since the mid- seventies and the systems have been ranked according to their relative erosion risk. Soil losses are documented both in plot, field and at catchment scale and also in the National Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Programme (JOVA). The data have been used for the development of the Norwegian erosion risk model ERONOR and in several governmental actions involving subsidies and new regulations based on soil erosion risk maps using an USLE ?equation adapted to Norwegian conditions. Subsidies are given for tillage practice with low erosion risk, catch crops, grass covered waterways, buffer zones and sedimentation ponds. Soil losses (annual mean values) have been 0.1- 4.36 t ha-1 in plot studies, 0.028 ? 5.2 t ha-1 in field scale studies and 0.1- 3.5 t ha-1 in catchment studies. Soil losses by extreme gullying have exceeded 100 t ha-1.
Forfattere
Nils VagstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Temporal changes in the scores of selected soil fertility indices were studied over six years in three different cases of organic crop rotation located in southern, eastern and central Norway. The cropping history and the initial scores of fertility indices prior to conversion to organic cropping differed between the sites. Crop yields, regarded as an overall, integrating fertility indicator, were in all rotations highly variable with few consistent temporal trends following the first year after conversion. On the site in eastern Norway, where conversion followed several years of all-arable crop rotations, earthworm number and biomass and soil physical properties improved, whereas the system was apparently degrading with regard to P and K trade balances and contents in soil. On the other two sites, the picture was less clear. On the southern site, which had a relatively fertile soil before conversion, the contents of soil organic matter and K decreased during the six-year period, but the scores of other fertility indices showed no trends. On the site in central Norway, there were positive trends for earthworm-related indices such as worm biomass and tubular biopores, and negative trends for soil porosity. The results, especially those from the eastern site, illustrate the general difficulty in drawing concllusions about overall fertility or sustainability when partial indicators show divergent trends. Consequently, the study gave no unambiguous support to the initial working hypothesis that organic farming increases inherent overall soil fertility, but rather showed that the effect varied among indicators and depended on status of the cases at conversion. It is concluded that indicators are probably better used as tools to learn about and improve system components than as absolute measures of sustainability.
Sammendrag
Temporal changes in the scores of selected soil fertility indices were studied over six years in three different cases of organic crop rotation located in southern, eastern and central Norway. The cropping history and the initial scores of fertility indices prior to conversion to organic cropping differed between the sites. Crop yields, regarded as an overall, integrating fertility indicator, were in all rotations highly variable with few consistent temporal trends following the first year after conversion. On the site in eastern Norway, where conversion followed several years of all-arable crop rotations, earthworm number and biomass and soil physical properties improved, whereas the system was apparently degrading with regard to P and K trade balances and contents in soil. On the other two sites, the picture was less clear. On the southern site, which had a relatively fertile soil before conversion, the contents of soil organic matter and K decreased during the six-year period, but the scores of other fertility indices showed no trends. On the site in central Norway, there were positive trends for earthworm-related indices such as worm biomass and tubular biopores, and negative trends for soil porosity. The results, especially those from the eastern site, illustrate the general difficulty in drawing conclusions about overall fertility or sustainability when partial indicators show divergent trends. Consequently, the study gave no unambiguous support to the initial working hypothesis that organic farming increases inherent overall soil fertility, but rather showed that the effect varied among indicators and depended on status of the cases at conversion. It is concluded that indicators are probably better used as tools to learn about and improve system components than as absolute measures of sustainability.
Sammendrag
Sonekart for hytteavløp i kystsonen
Sammendrag
Det har vært gjennomført en kartlegging av kystsonen i Sarpsborg for å finne frem til egnede områder for ulike avløpsløsninger for spredt avløp. Området er mye brukt for friluftsliv og bading, og det er stor tetthet av fritidsboliger. Grunnvann er en vanlig brukt drikkevannskilde. Kystsonen i Sarpsborg er en indre skjærgård med dype kiler og tildels brakkvannstilstander på grunn av utløpet av Glomma. Dette er derfor en mer sårbar resipient enn normalt ved kysten. Området er delt inn i 5 soner basert på grunnforhold og tetthet av drikkevannsbrønner. Til hver sone er det tillagt anbefalte avløpsløsninger, og de viktigste løsningene er beskrevet. Det er utarbeidet et sonekart.
Populærvitenskapelig – Sopp i norske bygninger!
Gry Alfredsen, Kolbjørn Mohn Jenssen, Halvor Solheim
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag