Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Rune Andreassen Hans Geir Eiken A Kopatz SG Bjervamoen I Wartiainen C Tobiassen Per Knappskog PE Aspholm ME Smith J AspiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ola Hanserud Ingrid L.P. NyborgSammendrag
The paper presents observations and experiences from the South Asian Earthquake in 2005 in Pakistan and discusses the effects of a lack of participatory methods on mitigating for future natural disasters in the region. The paper aims to be a support to implementing and donor organizations and practitioners in the water and sanitation sector, and also seeks to contribute to an improvement in WATSAN approaches in post disaster reconstruction and development.A major earthquake hit parts of Northern Pakistan in October 2005, and the following relief and reconstruction efforts indicated how far the international humanitarian society has come in its approaches towards the local. It was observed that local communities to a large extent were left out of important decision making processes regarding the reconstruction of water and sanitation facilities. This paper argues that in order to mitigate for future earthquakes in the region and any earthquake prone zones in developing countries, the development approaches promoted have to be reconsidered based on the actual processes taking place on the ground. Many national and international humanitarian and developmental organizations already have policy papers promoting participatory approaches in water and sanitation, but the South Asian Earthquake (SAEQ) post disaster efforts effectively showed that there is a considerable gap between paper and practice. In many of the NGOs and INGOs working in the area it seemed to be common practice to implement projects with a minimum of local involvement. This practice will possibly save the organization time in a tight implementation schedule, but ultimately compromises the capacity of the local communities to manage the water supply systems in the longer term and to tackle maintenance and repairs when needed. Men and women"s understanding of and contribution to the development of appropriate water and sanitation systems is central to ensure local motivation, recovery and development. We argue that a reconstruction process in which representatives from the local communities are not only included, but also given the power to discuss and influence the process outcomes, is crucial for the communities to gain sufficient competence and self confidence. This is possibly the single most important factor to mitigate and prepare for a future disaster. It is also important to support the existing relevant local government institutions, and to strengthen their capacity to cope with the new emergency and reconstruction situation. For example, in the SAEQ local government was hugely understaffed, and was thus often a bottleneck for organizations in obtaining the necessary papers to implement projects within water supply and sanitation.
Forfattere
Ola HanserudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Siden 2002 har mellom 150 og 200 produsenter årlig meldt seg ut av Debio. Den viktigste årsaken var for mye byråkrati med kontroll og sertifisering. De som fortsetter med økologisk drift nevner uforutsigbare politiske rammevilkår som viktig utfordring. Økonomiske forhold var viktige årsaker eller problemer for begge gruppene.
Sammendrag
A range of studies the last decade have shown that modified wood can provide excellent protection against a range of wood deteriorating organisms, including decay fungi. However, we still lack information about why the modified wood is protected from microbial attack. Several hypotheses have been put forward e.g. inhibition of action of specific enzymes, but they still need testing. An understanding of the mechanisms utilized by decay fungi when exposed to modified wood is important for further optimisation of new modified wood products. In this study gene expression of the brown rot fungus Postia placenta has been monitored after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of colonization in furfurylated Scots pine and control samples. Preliminary results are given. The main finding was that genes related to oxidative metabolic activity was higher in furfurylated wood compared to untreated Scots pine, and that carbohydrate metabolism related expression was lower in furfurylated wood compared to untreated control.
Forfattere
Klaus MittenzweiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kathrine Høybakk Bent Hellum Anita Tøsse Kathrine Høybakk Jens Rohloff Odd Georg NilsenSammendrag
AbstractSix clones of Rhodiola rosea, obtained from plants originating from widely different areas in Norway, were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory potential of CYP3A4 mediated metabolism and P-gp efflux transport activity. Presumed active constituents in ethanol extracts of the different clones were quantified. C-DNA baculovirus expressed CYP3A4 and Caco-2 cells were used for inhibitory assays, and as positive control inhibitors ketoconazole and verapamil were applied, respectively. A validated HPLC methodology was used to quantify the formation of 6-β-OH-testosterone and scintillation counting was used to quantify the transport of 3H-digoxin in Caco-2 cells. All clones showed potent inhibition of CYP3A4 and P-gp activities, with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 3.1 µg/mL and from 16.7 to 51.7 µg/mL, respectively, being below that reported for other herbs and some known classic drug inhibitors, such as St. John"s wort and fluoxetine. Rhodiola rosea might thus be a candidate for clinically relevant drug interactions. The concentration of presumed biologically active constituents in the different clones varied considerably, but this variation was not related to the clones" inhibitory potential of CYP3A4 or P-gp activities. Other constituents might thus be responsible for the observed inhibitory properties. The place of origin seemed to be of minor importance for CYP3A4 or P-gp inhibition.
Forfattere
Bent Håvard Hellum Anita Tøsse Kathrine Høybakk Mette Thomsen Jens Rohloff Odd Georg NilsenSammendrag
Six clones of Rhodiola rosea, obtained from plants originating from widely different areas in Norway, were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory potential on CYP3A4-mediated metabolism and P-gp efflux transport activity. Presumed active constituents in the ethanol extracts of the different clones were quantified. C-DNA baculovirus expressed CYP3A4 and Caco-2 cells were used for inhibitory assays, and as positive control inhibitors ketoconazole and verapamilwere applied, respectively. A validated HPLC methodology was used to quantify the formation of 6-β-OH-testosterone and scintillation counting was used to quantify the transport of 3H-digoxin in Caco-2 cells. All clones showed potent inhibition of CYP3A4 and P-gp activities, with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 3.1 μg/mL and from 16.7 to 51.7 μg/ mL, respectively, being below that reported for other herbs and some known classic drug inhibitors, such as St. John’s wort and fluoxetine. Rhodiola rosea might thus be a candidate for clinically relevant drug interactions. The concentration of presumed biologically active constituents in the different clones varied considerably, but this variationwas not related to the clones’ inhibitory potential on CYP3A4 or P-gp activities. Other constituents might thus be responsible for the observed inhibitory properties. The place of origin seemed to be of minor importance for CYP3A4 or P-gp inhibition.
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
For various reasons the area suitable for growing rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzg.) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. var. oleifera Sinsk.) is limited in Norway. There are several other oil producing species, both cruciferous plants and others, but only a few of them have previously been investigated under Nordic climatic conditions. As a part of a project called "Opportunities for Norwegian production of bio-diesel from agricultural crops" some alternative oil seed crops were grown on three sites in the years 2007 and 2008. The sites were Apelsvoll and Vollebekk in South-Eastern Norway and Kvithamar in the Central part of Norway. The following species were investigated: Oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L.), Camelina (Camelina sativa L.), Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) and Blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Also a cultivar of spring rape was included in the experiments. In the first year the oil seed yield was rather low for all crops on all sites. In 2008 the quality of the experiments was better, and particularly at Vollebekk and Kvithamar the yields were satisfactory. However, for sunflower the growing season was too short at the experimental sites, and for camelina, crambe and sarepta mustard the seed yields were rather low. Oil flax and spring rape produced about 2.4 tons oil seeds per hectare and for blue lupine the yield was about 3.7 tons of seeds. In addition to seed yields, data on oil contents of the seeds will be presented.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag