Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Habtamu AlemSammendrag
The Horn of Africa includes Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda and is the poorest region on the continent. More than 40 per cent of the population of over 160 million is living in areas prone to extreme food shortages (FAO, 2011). In mid-2011 the world became witness to a widespread food crisis in the Horn of Africa, which has escalated into acute shortages of food notably in the regions of southern Somalia, northern Kenya, southeastern Ethiopia and Djibouti. The U.N. Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia on July 20 declared that severely reduced food access, acute malnutrition, and high crude mortality rates indicate ongoing famine conditions in the Bakool and lower Shabelle regions in southern Somalia (UN, 2011). USAID estimates that 2.8 million people in southern Somalia and 12.4 million people in Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Kenya require immediate, lifesaving humanitarian assistance (USAID, 2011). Furthermore, more people in Eritrea, Uganda, Sudan and South Sudan are also facing a worrying food situation. The causes of food crisis are both environmental, structural and avoidable factors have taken in a broader spectrum of problems affecting the region. This paper addresses in detail some important causes and aggravating factors of famine in Horn of Africa and recommend possible interventions to tackle food shortage and famine in a sustainable way.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anette SundbyeSammendrag
Pest and disease management in organic greenhouse production in Norway Anette Sundbye1, Nina Svae Johansen2, Arne Stensvand3 1, 2, 3 Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk) - Plant Health and Plant Protection, Email1: anette.sundbye@bioforsk.no Development of organic farming and marketing of organic products is a political priority in Norway, and the major goal is that 15% of the food production and consumption in year 2020 should be organic. This also relates to vegetables in greenhouses. The demand for organic vegetables is increasing and the consumers are increasingly more conscious of how their food is produced. Norwegian growers who choose to convert to organic cultivation have major challenges when it comes to marketing and keeping a stable production. However, guidance by the Norwegian agricultural extension service on organic production of cucumber has been successful (project “Organic cultivation of greenhouse vegetables and herbs” 2010-2012). Also growers of tomatoes, lettuce and herbs are in good progress in converting to organic production. According to current Norwegian regulations, the organic greenhouse production should mainly be based on natural light. The need for and use of artificial light should be documented and can only be used in certain periods of the cultivation time. The main goal of the project “Environmentally friendly development of Norwegian greenhouse industry (2009-2012)” is to reduce energy consumption in plant production. This is practiced by maximizing the utilization of natural radiation and manipulating the light with different greenhouse covering, shading materials and LED based lamps with specific wavelength spectrum. The effect of light quality on powdery mildew and pests is also studied. Experiments have shown that illumination with red or UV-B light some minutes a day can reduce powdery mildew significantly. Blue sticky traps equipped with low intensity LEDs have the potential to increase thrips catches on sticky traps, and lamps with repellent wavelengths may be used to confuse whiteflies in their host finding. Only a limited number of biological control agents (BCA) are currently registered in Norway. On the international market, a wide range of commercially products of BCA is available. Access to these products would benefit the Norwegian organic production. In order to increase the availability and use of BCA in Norway, two projects have been funded by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. In the new project “Increasing the use of biological control agents of plant pests” (2012) bottlenecks will be identified and solution will be proposed to promote the registration and increase the use of BCA in Norway. The other project “Extension in greenhouse biological control” (2006-2012) has increased the implementation of biological control and IPM in Norwegian commercial greenhouses.
Forfattere
Arild Sletten Trond Hofsvang Christer Magnusson Trond Rafoss Halvor Solheim Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn Økland Leif SundheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
May SæthreSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lise Skretteberg Børge Holen Birgitte Lyrån Kalevi Siivinen Jens Hinge Andersen Bodil Hamborg Jensen Anders Jansson Anna WannbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lise SkrettebergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
May-Guri Saethre Nina Oseth Svendsen Børge Holen Amos Awaraka Cossi Ignace GodonouSammendrag
A total of 25 samples of tomatoes (7), hot pepper (6), leaves of African eggplant (gboma) (6), onions (3)and white cabbage (2) were collected in November 2011 from farmers" field at eight locations in the departments of Mono and Coufto in Benin. The samples were comminuted in Benin and sent frozen to Norway for analyses of possible pesticide residues. Two multi-methods covering 300 pesticides including some metabolites were used for the analysis. Residues were detected in four samples, resulting in 12 findings; of insecticides, one combined insecticide/nematicide and/or metabolites. African eggplant (Gboma) leaves contained the highest number of residues (10 pesticides) and also the highest concentrations of pesticides. One sample of Gboma leaves from Grand-Popo, had a very high content of dimethoate and omethoate (sum 19 mg/kg) as well as other residues violating both the Codex Alimentarius" and the EU"s maximum residues limits (MRLs). Consumption of these leaves may represent a health risk as both the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and acute reference dose (ARfD) were far exceeded. Another sample of gboma leaves, also from Grand-Popo, contained 11 mg/kg of profenofos. Consumption of less than 200 grams of these leaves may also represent a health risk as the ADI are exceeded. One sample of cabbages contained low concentrations of two pesticides. No residues were found in the samples of tomatoes, hot peppers and onions.
Forfattere
May Sæthre Nina Svendsen Børge Holen Amos Awaraka Cossi Ignace GodonouSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kjersti Aaby Sebastian Mazur Arnfinn Nes Grete SkredeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag