Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2013
Sammendrag
An investigation of the wild European blueberry (E. blueberry; Vaccinium myrtillus L.) was financed for four years starting in 2008. One part of the project was to examine natural development of E.blueberry in five Norwegian fields, effect of fertilization and cutting of plants. Examinations were undertaken in two fields in Bardu municipality in Troms county and of three fields in Snåsa and Lierne municipalities in Nord-Trøndelag county. The basic idea was to examine the possibility of half cultivation on situ in the forest, a similar system as developed in north America with Vaccinium angustifolium. The five fields were arranged in block designs, and in the Bardu fields Organic Matter (OM) were added (compost and wood chips) and in the Snåsa/Lierne fields mineral fertilizers (N-P in kg haa-1: 0-0, 3-2, 3-4, 6-4). Treatments were compared with natural development. In addition to fertilization and OM the Snåsa field had two more treatments, cutting of the plants to the ground in autumn 2008 and site (placed on two moraine ridges). From our research and investigations we can conclude that the soil O-layer is very important. The fields that performed best had thick O-layers. It could be suggested that layers close to 7 cm or thicker would be optimal. The C/N ratios indicate that N was not easily available in any field. This may explain why long shoot growth increased and more nodes were developed, when mineral fertilizer, and especially N, was added. However, number of short shoots per long shoot was not clearly influenced by fertilizer, except last year when the effect was positive- maybe a long term effect. This was not followed by higher yields throughout the years, rather the contrary, but it should be added that weather conditions the last two years were rainy; and the high yield in 2009 could have initiated alternate bearing, and more browsing because of more attractive shoots and leaves; factors that would reduce the yield in subsequent years. Adding OM had some positive influence on tiller growth in the Bardu birch-field (F1), but not in the pine-field (F2). However, annual shoot growth increased in the pine-field in the first of two years. Yields, however, were clearly reduced by adding OM in average of two years. The importance of a thick O-layer was confirmed in the examination of growth conditions on two moraine ridges. The ridge with lowest yield had less loss of ignition in the O- and B-layers, a shallower O-layer and lower levels of P, Mg and Ca in both O- and B- layers. Cutting of shoots to the ground was not beneficial and full yield potential was not recovered before the third year after cutting. Fruit quality was influenced by latitude, soil factors and fertilization treatments. However, variations between years were the most important single factor.
Forfattere
Paula Marie Bräunlich Ole Andreas Løchen Økstad Rune Slimestad Helle Wangensteen Karl Egil Malterud Hilde BarsettSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Bente Kirkhus Aina Lundon Russenes John-erik Haugen Kjell gjermund Vogt Grethe iren andersen Borge Britt HenriksenSammendrag
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for the production of edible oil from organically grown camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz), focusing on the influence of environmental factors on nutritional quality parameters. Field experiments with precrop barley were conducted in Norway in the growing seasons 2007, 2008, and 2009. Trials were fully randomized with two levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization, 0 and 120 kg total N ha − 1, and two levels of sulfur (S) fertilization, 0 and 20 kg total S ha − 1. Weather conditions, that is, temperature and precipitation, were recorded. Additional experiments were performed in the years 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effects of replacing precrop barley with precrop pea. Seed oil content was measured by near-infrared transmittance, and crude oil compositions of fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and phospholipids were analyzed by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results showed significant seasonal variations in seed oil content and oil composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phospholipids that to a great extent could be explained by the variations in weather conditions. Furthermore, significant effects of N fertilization were observed. Seed oil content decreased at the highest level of N fertilization, whereas the oil concentrations of α -linolenic acid (18:3n-3), erucic acid (22:1n-9), tocopherols, and campesterol increased. Pea compared to barley as precrop also increased the 18:3n-3 content of oil. S fertilization had little impact on oil composition, but an increase in tocopherols and a decrease in brassicasterol were observed. In conclusion, organically grown camelina seems to be well suited for the production of edible oil. Variations in nutritional quality parameters were generally small, but significantly influenced by season and fertilization.
Forfattere
Nina OpstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nina OpstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Randi Berland Frøseth Anne Kjersti Bakken Marina Azzaroli Bleken Hugh Riley Reidun Pommeresche Kristian Thorup-Kristensen Sissel HansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tonje Økland Jørn Frode Nordbakken Holger Lange Ingvald Røsberg Janne O. Kjønaas Kjersti Holt Hanssen Toril Drabløs Eldhuset Nicholas ClarkeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
J. Leppälammi-Kujansuu I. Ostonen M. Strömgren Lars Ola Nilsson D.B. Kleja S.P. Sah H.-S. HelmisaariSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Nano-sized zero valent iron (nZVI) has been studied for in situ remediation of contaminated soil and ground water. However, little is known about its effects on organisms in soil and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the effect of nZVI on degradation of DDT and its ecotoxicological effects on collembola (Folsomia candida) and ostracods (Heterocypris incongruens) were investigated. Two soils were used in suspension incubation experiments lasting for 7 and 30 d; a spiked (20 mg DDT kg−1) sandy soil and an aged (>50 years) DDT-polluted soil (24 mg DDT kg−1). These were incubated with 1 or 10 g nZVI kg−1, and residual toxicity in soil and the aqueous phase tested using ecotoxicological tests with collembola or ostracods. Generally, addition of either concentration of nZVI to soil led to about 50% degradation of DDT in spiked soil at the end of 7 and 30 d incubation, while the degradation of DDT was less in aged DDT-polluted soil (24%). Severe negative effects of nZVI were observed on both test organisms after 7 d incubation, but prolonged incubation led to oxidation of nZVI which reduced its toxic effects on the tested organisms. On the other hand, DDT had significant negative effects on collembolan reproduction and ostracod development. We conclude that 1 g nZVI kg−1 was efficient for significant DDT degradation in spiked soil, while a higher concentration was necessary for treating aged pollutants in soil. The adverse effects of nZVI on tested organisms seem temporary and reduced after oxidation.