Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2013
Forfattere
Trond Histøl Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Bioforsk takserte elgbeitene i Salsbruket juli 2013. Salsbruket utgjør i overkant av 500 000 sammenhengende daa med utmark i kystskogregionen av Trøndelag. Som elgbeite er området preget av lav skoggrense (200-300 moh), maritimt klima (årsnedbør 2500 mm) og harde bergarter som gir låg skogbonitet (innslag av kalk i lavere områder, hvor det er mer produktiv skog). Bjørk er den viktigste beiteplanten for elg i busksjiktet i Salsbruket (40% av tilgjengelig trær og 50% av tilgjengelig årsskudd), dernest furu og einer. Området er fattig på høyt selekterte arter som rogn og selje. Heller ikke feltsjiktet innehar mange arter med stor beiteverdi. Viktigste beiteplante i feltsjiktet er blåbærlyng, og dekningen av denne er høyere i Salsbruket (35% av arealet) enn i andre takserte områder (snitt 20%). Taksten viser et meget høyt beitetrykk, og jaktstatistikken viser en elgbestand i dårlig kondisjon. Vi anbefaler at bestanden tas ned inntil hogstaktiviteten eventuelt økes igjen. En skal være oppmerksom på at selv foryngelsesflater i Salsbruket ikke produserer mye beite for elg i nasjonal målestokk, og at hogst kraftig reduserer tilbudet av blåbærlyng.
Forfattere
Zhibo Hamborg Sissel Haugslien Y Lee Astrid H Sivertsen Gry Skjeseth Jihong Liu Clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz QC Wang Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingvar Kvande Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
Besøk av 6.klasser fra ulike steder på Nordmøre. Vi har aktiviteter og undervisning om elektrisitet, brannsikkerhet, bioenergi.Omvisning i fjøs med melkekyr og i biogassanlegg.
Sammendrag
The calculation of the embedded energy (EE) of twenty barns shows that there is a considerable variation of EE per cow, where the lowest values were one fourth of the highest. Use of timber instead of concrete in walls had most effect to reduce the amount of EE. Cold barns can contribute to reduce the amount of EE, while the amount of EE is higher in free-stall than in tie-stall barns. While for an existing building the amount of EE is nearly fixed, calculating the anticipated amount for a new building can help to reduce energy use in agriculture and thus contribute to a more sustainable production. Incorporating EE in planning new buildings should be of special importance for organic farming, since regulations demand more area per animal than in conventional farming. In addition to building new, renovation, extension as well as recycling of building materials should be considered. Planning new buildings should also include operational energy, as well as working conditions, animal welfare and economic considerations.
Sammendrag
The calculation of the embedded energy (EE) of twenty barns shows that there is a considerable variation of EE per cow, where the lowest values were one fourth of the highest. Use of timber instead of concrete in walls had most effect to reduce the amount of EE. Cold barns can contribute to reduce the amount of EE, while the amount of EE is higher in free-stall than in tie-stall barns.While for an existing building the amount of EE is nearly fixed, calculating the anticipated amount for a new building can contribute to reduce this value considerably. This progress can help to reduce energy use in organic agriculture and thus contribute to a more sustainable production. Incorporating EE in planning new buildings should be of special importance for organic farming, since regulations demand for more area per animal than in conventional farming. In addition to building new, renovation and extension as well as recycling of building materials should be considered. Planning a new building should also include other topics as operational energy, as well as working conditions, animal welfare and economic considerations.
Forfattere
Biancha CavicchiSammendrag
Bioenergy and rural development are increasingly under political focus. Bioenergy development is considered as a tool to deal with the climate change and rural areas crisis. The European Directive 2009/28/CE has set the goals for bioenergy production, and the Regulation 1698/2005 on rural development links the improving of conditions in rural areas to renewable energy production. Rural areas are the source of raw materials and the place to set bioenergy installations, while the new activity could provide rural citizens with new jobs and green energy. This policy context is understood in the view of other three main European policies, namely the regional, climate change and green growth and the innovation policies. Rural development is deeply tied to the former that points at rural regions as the ones to be stronger supported. The innovation policy engages regions in an effort to strengthen innovation policies and learning by interacting throughout the European Area. The focus of the thesis is on Italy and further on Emilia-Romagna, as one of the most developed Italian regions. Emilia-Romagna is compared with Norway, a non- European Union country that has a different administrative and policy structure, but one that is nevertheless influenced by EU policies through the ETA. Within the two main case studies, I considered individual case studies to find out the practices and the links between the two core policy areas. The results have been framed and assessed through the regional innovation systems theory, in order to explain how the bioenergy system and rural development are fostered in Emilia-Romagna and Norway. The main findings show two different policy frameworks and how they affect the development of the bioenergy and rural areas. Emilia-Romagna has a confused situation and a difficult confrontation between rural citizens, bioenergy investors and local governments, but the sector is still more developed than in Norway. Moreover the feed in tariff is fostering single random investments. By contrast, Norwegian policy framework is more easily accessible, the investments are more locally-based and there is no national feed-in-tariff. Thus, the actors cooperate more in order to invest in a bioenergy activity, while rural communities seem to experience positive local return in terms of new jobs and energy prices.
Forfattere
Signe Kynding Borgen Gro HylenSammendrag
Every year the Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute submits the national GHG inventory for the land use, land-use change and forestry sector as part of the National Inventory Report (NIR). The methodology and activity data used to estimate CO2 emissions and removals from cropland and grassland were thoroughly evaluated in 2012 and several new methods were implemented in the 2013 NIR submission. The objective of this report is to present the results of this evaluation and to provide detailed documentation of the new methodologies and the emissions reported in the 2013 NIR submission to UNFCCC for cropland and grassland (CPA, 2013). This report describes four major topics: 1) Method choice for mineral soils. The erosion-based method previously used for mineral soils on both cropland and grassland cannot be considered appropriate. It was replaced by a Tier 2 method for cropland remaining cropland (considering effects of crop rotation, tillage, crop residues and manure inputs) and a Tier 1 method for grassland remaining grassland (considering effects of grassland management practice). 2) Evaluation of the emission factor used for organic soil and the area estimate. A review of Scandinavian literature did not support changing the emission factor value but the areas of cultivated organic soils were re-defined under cropland and grassland. 3) A Tier 1 methodology that can be used to estimate soil carbon stock changes on land-use conversion to grassland and cropland as well as all other land-use change conversion. 4) Uncertainty estimation for all source/sink categories are presented including the use of IPCC default uncertainty estimates when relevant.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag