Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2015
Forfattere
Martin T. Moroni Dave M. Morris Cindy Shaw Jogeir N. Stokland Mark E. Harmon Nicole J. Fenton Katarina Merganičová Jan Merganič Kimiko Okabe Ulrike HagemannSammendrag
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Forfattere
Nenad Djuro Keča Ned Klopfenstein Mee-Sook Kim Halvor Solheim Steve WoodwardSammendrag
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Sammendrag
The Cableway Location Problem (CLP) is a facility location problem usually studied as a part of a hierarchical approach for large cable yarding systems outside of Europe. Small adaptable cable yarding systems are used in Europe. This increases the number of possible landing sites and makes the layout problem hard to solve to optimality. Here, two approaches are presented that solve the novel European CLP (E-CLP). The methods are tested on several generated cases and one real world case. The lateral yarding distance is introduced in the cost calculations to improve the quality of the solutions.
Forfattere
Ranjan Roy Ngai Weng Chan Stefanos XenariosSammendrag
An evaluation is needed to monitor the progress of sustainable development (SD) in rice production systems. The purpose of this study is to provide policy inputs, examine the sustainability of rice production, and determine major policy areas. A requisite set of 12 indicators of three dimensions of SD, namely economic, was generated by employing an assemblage of top–down and bottom–up approaches. The data were gathered from farm households’ survey as well as in-depth discussion with stakeholders from the regions that represent irrigated, rain-fed lowland, rain-fed upland, flood-prone, and saline-prone rice-growing ecosystems in Bangladesh. By constructing composite indicators, the results revealed that 44 % of rice growers were economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially developed. The irrigated rice production system was found to be the most sustainable. The path analysis measured the contribution of the indicators to the index, and results highlighted that rice growers’ knowledge, skills, and social networks development, improving land productivity, and integrated nutrient management were essential for promoting sustainable rice production. However, the study findings suggest that pluralistic (i.e., government and non-government) agricultural advisory services can serve as an engine of transition to rice production sustainability in which a multi-year planning and strategy formulation are crucial besides investing in the modernization of extension services. Overall and ecosystem-specific policy implications that emerged from the findings of this study are outlined.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Belén Cotes Linda-Marie Rännbäck Maria Björkman Hans Ragnar Norli Nicolai V. Meyling Birgitta Rämert Peter AndersonSammendrag
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Forfattere
Giovanna Sacchi Vincenzina Caputo Rodolfo M. Jr. NaygaSammendrag
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Forfattere
France Caillavet Gayaneh Kyureghian Rodolfo M. Jr. Nayga Coline Ferrant Pierre ChauvinSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Siv Aarnes Snorre Hagen Rune Andreassen Julia Schregel Per Knappskog Frank Hailer Gordon Stenhouse Axel Janke Hans Geir EikenSammendrag
High-resolution Y-chromosomal markers have been applied to humans and other primates to study population genetics, migration, social structures and reproduction. Y-linked markers allow the direct assessment of the genetic structure and gene flow of uniquely male inherited lineages and may also be useful for wildlife conservation and forensics, but have so far been available only for few wild species. Thus, we have developed two multiplex PCR reactions encompassing nine Y-STR markers identified from the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and tested them on hair, fecal and tissue samples. The multiplex PCR approach was optimized and analyzed for species specificity, sensitivity and stutter- peak ratios. The nine Y-STRs also showed specific STR-fragments for male black bears and male polar bears, while none of the nine markers produced any PCR products when using DNA from female bears or males from 12 other mammals. The multiplex PCR approach in two PCR reactions could be amplified with as low as 0.2 ng template input. Precision was high in DNA templates from hairs, fecal scats and tissues, with standard deviations less than 0.14 and median stutter ratios from 0.04 to 0.63. Among the eight di- and one tetra-nucleotide repeat markers, we detected simple repeat structures in seven of the nine markers with 9–25 repeat units. Allelic variation was found for eight of the nine Y-STRs, with 2–9 alleles for each marker and a total of 36 alleles among 453 male brown bears sampled mainly from Northern Europe. We conclude that the multiplex PCR approach with these nine Y-STRs would provide male bear Y-chromosomal specificity and evidence suited for samples from conservation and wildlife forensics.