Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
G. Gilioli G. Schrader J.-C. Gregoire A. MacLeod O. Mosbach-Schulz Trond Rafoss V. Rossi G. Urek W. van der WerfSammendrag
A new method for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of risk-reducing options is currently under development by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Plant Health Panel. The draft method has been tested on pests of concern to the European Union (EU). The method is adaptable and can focus either on all the steps and sub-steps of the assessment process or on specific parts if necessary. It is based on assessing changes in pest population abundance as the major driver of the impact on cultivated plants and on the environment. Like other pest risk assessment systems the method asks questions about the likelihood and magnitude of factors that contribute to risk. Responses can be based on data or expert judgment. Crucially, the approach is quantitative, and it captures uncertainty through the provision by risk assessors of quantile estimates of the probability distributions for the assessed variables and parameters. The assessment is based on comparisons between different scenarios, and the method integrates risk-reducing options where they apply to a scenario, for example current regulation against a scenario where risk-reducing options are not applied. A strategy has been developed to communicate the results of the risk assessment in a clear, comparable and transparent way, with the aim of providing the requestor of the risk assessment with a useful answer to the question(s) posed to the EFSA Plant Health Panel. The method has been applied to four case studies, two fungi, Ceratocystis platani and Cryphonectria parasitica, the nematode Ditylenchus destructor and the Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma. Selected results from these case studies illustrate the types of output that the method can deliver.
Sammendrag
In fungi, distribution of secondary metabolite (SM) gene clusters is often associated with host- or environment-specific benefits provided by SMs. In the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola (Dothideomycetes), the DEP cluster confers an ability to synthesize the SM depudecin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor that contributes weakly to virulence. The DEP cluster includes genes encoding enzymes, a transporter, and a transcription regulator. We investigated the distribution and evolution of the DEP cluster in 585 fungal genomes and found a wide but sporadic distribution among Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. We confirmed DEP gene expression and depudecin production in one fungus, Fusarium langsethiae. Phylogenetic analyses suggested 6–10 horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) of the cluster, including a transfer that led to the presence of closely related cluster homologs in Alternaria and Fusarium. The analyses also indicated that HGTs were frequently followed by loss/pseudogenization of one or more DEP genes. Independent cluster inactivation was inferred in at least four fungal classes. Analyses of transitions among functional, pseudogenized, and absent states of DEP genes among Fusarium species suggest enzyme-encoding genes are lost at higher rates than the transporter (DEP3) and regulatory (DEP6) genes. The phenotype of an experimentally-induced DEP3 mutant of Fusarium did not support the hypothesis that selective retention of DEP3 and DEP6 protects fungi from exogenous depudecin. Together, the results suggest that HGT and gene loss have contributed significantly to DEP cluster distribution, and that some DEP genes provide a greater fitness benefit possibly due to a differential tendency to form network connections.
Forfattere
Jostein FrydenlundSammendrag
Arealstatistikk for Oppland fylke basert på arealressurskartet AR5 og søknader om produksjonstilskudd. Dokumentet inneholder også informasjon om strukturendring i landbruket og nedbygd jordbruksareal.
Forfattere
Jostein FrydenlundSammendrag
Arealstatistikk for Hedmark fylke basert på arealressurskartet AR5 og søknader om produksjonstilskudd. Dokumentet inneholder også informasjon om strukturendring i landbruket og nedbygd jordbruksareal.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jostein FrydenlundSammendrag
Arealstatistikk for Akershus fylke basert på arealressurskartet AR5 og søknader om produksjonstilskudd. Dokumentet inneholder også informasjon om strukturendring i landbruket og nedbygd jordbruksareal.
Forfattere
Jostein FrydenlundSammendrag
Arealstatistikk for Oslo fylke basert på arealressurskartet AR5 og søknader om produksjonstilskudd. Dokumentet inneholder også informasjon om strukturendring i landbruket og nedbygd jordbruksareal.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Trond Børresen Ragnvald Gramstad Atle Haugnes Mats Höglind Astrid Johansen Geir Paulsen Einar Strand Anne Kjersti Uhlen Lillian Øygarden Wendy Marie WaalenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Line Johansen T. Lennartsson Anna Westin A. Iuga C.M. Ivascu Eveliina Kallioniemi Sølvi WehnSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag