Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
Patrick Rousset Bilel Mondher Kevin Candellier Ghislaine Volle Janka Dibdiakova Gilles HumbertSammendrag
Charcoal seems one of the most promising bio-reducer because of its high coke replacement ratio in blast furnaces. Nevertheless, biochar materials are subject self-combustion during storage, handling and transport, and need to be studied in order to understand and limit these phenomena. Heat-based methods: were employed to compare and determine the self-ignition parameters of four types of fresh biochar (Quercus pubescens, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and Trigonostemon huangmosun, Bambusa vulgar) that are used as bioreducers in the silica industry. This study assumed that spontaneous combustion arises from exothermic oxygen chemisorption to fresh biochar surface. Sample mass, heat flow and CO2 desorption were measured. The weight increased very rapidly as soon as the gas stream was changed from N2 to air accompanying the heat generation for each material. Desorption isotherms were found to depend on the nature of the feedstock confirming that bamboo biochar was the most reactive one under air exposure.
Forfattere
Milan Lstibůrek Yousri A. El-Kassaby Tore Skrøppa Gary R. Hodge Jørn Henrik Sønstebø Arne SteffenremSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sølvi Wehn Katrina RønningenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Nina Sylvia Liland Irene Biancarosa Pedro Araujo Daan Biemans Christian Guido Bruckner Rune Waagbø Bente Elisabeth Torstensen Erik-Jan LockSammendrag
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Forfattere
Melissa Magerøy Sharon Jancsik Macaire Man Saint Yuen Michael Fischer Stephen G. Withers Christian Paetz Bernd Schneider John Mackay Joerg BohlmannSammendrag
Acetophenones are phenolic compounds involved in the resistance of white spruce (Picea glauca) against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferiana), a major forest pest in North America. The acetophenones pungenol and piceol commonly accumulate in spruce foliage in the form of the corresponding glycosides, pungenin and picein. These glycosides appear to be inactive against the insect but can be cleaved by a spruce b-glucosidase, PgbGLU-1, which releases the active aglycons. The reverse glycosylation reaction was hypothesized to involve a family 1 UDP-sugar dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) to facilitate acetophenone accumulation in the plant. Metabolite and transcriptome profiling over a developmental time course of white spruce bud burst and shoot growth revealed two UGTs, PgUGT5 and PgUGT5b, that glycosylate pungenol. Recombinant PgUGT5b enzyme produced mostly pungenin, while PgUGT5 produced mostly isopungenin. Both UGTs also were active in vitro on select flavonoids. However, the context of transcript and metabolite accumulation did not support a biological role in flavonoid metabolism but correlated with the formation of pungenin in growing shoots. Transcript levels of PgUGT5b were higher than those of PgUGT5 in needles across different genotypes of white spruce. These results support a role of PgUGT5b in the biosynthesis of the glycosylated acetophenone pungenin in white spruce.
Forfattere
José Ramón González-Olabarria Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo Blas Mola-Yudego Timo PukkalaSammendrag
& Key message We generate flexible management rules for black pine stands, adaptable to alternative stand management situations and entailing thinnings, final-felling, and salvage cuts, based on the results on 270 stand level optimizations. & Context Forest management instructions often rely on the anticipated prediction of the stand development, which poses a challenge on variable economic and environmental conditions. Instead, an alternative approach to better adapt forest management decisions to changing conditions is defining flexible rules based on thresholds that trigger management operations. & Aims This article develops rules for the adaptive management of P. nigra stands in Catalonia (Spain) addressing the risk of fire and post-fire forest management. & Methods The stochastic version of the simulationoptimization system RODAL was used to optimize the management of forest stands in three sites under different fire probability levels. A total of 270 optimizations were done varying site fertility, fire probability, and economic factors. The results of the optimizations were used as the basis of flexible forest management rules for adaptive stand management. & Results The developed management rules defined the basal area limit for thinning, the thinning intensity, the mean tree diameter at which regeneration cuttings should start, and the basal area below which a salvage cutting should be done. Fire risk was not a significant predictor of the models for thinning and final cutting rules. & Conclusion The presented rules provide a flexible tool for forest management during the stand development and under changing conditions when the management objective is to maximize economic profitability of timber production.
Forfattere
Marek Marian Pierzchala Knut Kvaal Karl Stampfer Bruce TalbotSammendrag
Cable yarding is a semi-mechanized timber harvesting system that relies on human machine interaction where a considerable share of the work is done by forest workers. The system is used in mountain forests around the world. Automation of one or more functions could contribute to increased productivity, reduced physical workloads and improved safety conditions. This paper presents a method for sensor data fusion in order to automatically distinguish work phases using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The Robot Operation System (ROS) is implemented to allow for real-time data processing with a maximum latency of 0.16 s. Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and camera integration provided a robust solution for 78% correct process segmentation. These results provide a basis for further development from which there is a possibility of expanding this approach for semi-automation, remote control, and autonomous operation.
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