Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2017
Forfattere
Roger RosethSammendrag
Gjennom 2016 ble det brukt 96 tonn glykol (100 %) til flyavising ved Torp Sandefjord lufthavn. For baneavisingsmidler ble det brukt 16,2 tonn formiat. Forbruket av flyavisingsmidler var noe større enn i 2015. Forbruket av baneavisingsmidler var på nivå med 2015. Det ble påvist glykol i to av vannprøvene tatt i Rovebekken i løpet av 2016, men konsentrasjonene var under 1,5 mg PG/l. Kravene i utslippstillatelsen fra Fylkesmannen i Vestfold er overholdt. I forbindelse med underkjølt regn 24. og 25. januar var det stort forbruk av baneavisingskjemikalier, henholdsvis 6 tonn fast natriumformiat og 7 m3 flytende kaliumformiat. Påfølgende avrenningshendelse 26. januar ble dokumentert med automatiske målinger, både i overvannssystemet (St. G2)og i Rovebekken (St. R). For Rovebekken viste de automatiske målingene at hendelsen hadde en varighet på 10 timer (periode med ledningsevne over 1 mS/cm). En vannprøve tatt på St. G2 den 26. januar viste en formiatkonsentrasjon på 91 mg Fo/l. I blandprøver fra Rovebekken tatt ut 26. og 27.januar ble det ikke påvist formiat Utover denne hendelsen ble det ikke målt ledningsevne over 1 mS/cm i Rovebekken gjennom 2016. For vannprøver fra overvannssystemet mot Vårvikbekken (St. N) ble det påvist spor av glykol og formiat i to av elve prøver. I en prøve tatt ut 3. mars ble det påvist 34 mg Fo/l. For vannprøver fra overvannssystemet mot Unnebergbekken (St. S) ble det påvist spor av glykol i tre prøver og spor av formiat i to. Påviste konsentrasjoner var lave. De automatiske målingene på stasjon R i Rovebekken har vist god oksygenstatus i bekken gjennom hele måleperioden i 2016. To kortvarige hendelser 21.06 og 19.09 viste oksygenkonsentrasjoner ned mot 6,5 mg O2/l.......
Sammendrag
NIBIO har etter forespørsel fra Miljødirektoratet vurdert ulike materialer som brukes i torvreduserte og torvfrie blandete dyrkingsmedier og i anleggsjord (strukturmaterialer og næringsrike materialer). Lite omdannet torv har unike fysiske og kjemiske egenskaper, og det finnes per i dag ingen produkter som kan erstatte torv i alle bruksområder (gartnernæringen, hobbyhagebruk, torvtak og anleggsjord). I rapporten vurderes muligheter og utfordringer ved bruk av torverstatningsprodukter i de ulike bruksområdene, og behov for videre FoU er angitt.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In Scandinavia, pasture for dairy herds with automatic milking (AM) is frequently offered purely for exercise and recreation, rather than as a feed-source. In the present study, cows in an AM-system with 12 h nightly outdoor-access from summer solstice until mid-September were offered either fresh production pasture (treatment P; ≥15 kg dry matter (DM) cow‑1 nightly, combined with 6 kg DM grass silage daytime) or exercise pasture (treatment E; <1 kg DM cow‑1 combined with ad libitum silage allowance day and night). Treatment showed a significant effect on milk yield (P:31.3, E:33.0 kg, P=0.05), and a tendency for milking frequency (P:2.25, E: 2.37 milkings × day‑1, P=0.06). Group P spent more time outdoors than E, 4.0 and 3.2 h, respectively (P<0.001). Cows in P grazed approximately 2.5 h throughout the season, while E grazed less overall, 0.6 h (P<0.001) and decreased their time spent grazing over the season (1.0 to 0.3 h). In conclusion, night-time pasture is poorly exploited by cows, irrespective of the quantity of both of pasture and silage that are available.
Forfattere
K. Marijanusic M. Manojlovic D. Bogdanovic R. Cabilovski Peder LombnæsSammendrag
In order to evaluate the mineral composition of forage crops in respect to dairy cow nutrition 40 soil and corresponding plant (alfalfa, grasses and silage corn) samples were collected from 15 locations in Serbia and analyzed for the concentration of macro- (P, K, and Ca) and microelements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Se, and Mo). On average, the soils were well provided with the studied elements from the aspect of plant nutrition, but the analyzed fodder crops could not secure suffi cient amounts of Cu, Zn, Se, and Ca for dairy cow nutrition. Principal components analysis was applied in order to determine the connection between the concentrations of macro- and microelements in forage crops and their grouping into components responsible for most of the variability in mineral content. The mineral composition of alfalfa was defi ned by three components (Se, Zn, and Cu) which accounted for the largest part of the established variability. The variability of mineral composition of grasses was defi ned by four components (Zn, K, Se, and P) and that of silage corn by the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and K.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Inger HansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Monica Suarez Korsnes Reinert KorsnesSammendrag
The marine toxin yessotoxin (YTX) can cause various cytotoxic effects depending on cell type and cell line. It is well known to trigger distinct mechanisms for programmed cell death which may overlap or cross-talk. The present contribution provides the first evidence that YTX can cause genotoxicity and induce mitotic catastrophe which can lead to different types of cell death. This work also demonstrates potential information gain from non-intrusive computer-based tracking of many individual cells during long time. Treatment of BC3H1 cells at their exponential growth phase causes atypical nuclear alterations and formation of giant cells with multiple nuclei. These are the most prominent morphological features of mitotic catastrophe. Giant cells undergo slow cell death in a necrosis-like manner. However, apoptotic-like cell death is also observed in these cells. Electron microscopy of treated BC3H1 cells reveal uncondensed chromatin and cells with double nuclei. Activation of p-p53, p-H2AX, p-Chk1, p-ATM, and p-ATR and down-regulation of p-Chk2 indicate DNA damage response and cell cycle deregulation. Micronuclei formation further support this evidence. Data from tracking single cells reveal that YTX treatment suppresses a second round of cell division in BC3H1 cells. These findings suggest that YTX can induce genomic alterations or imperfections in chromosomal segregation leading to permanent mitotic failure. This understanding extends the list of effects from YTX and which are of interest to control cancer and tumor progression.
Sammendrag
Forest stands are important units of management. A stand-by-stand estimation of the mean and variance of an attribute of interest (Y) remains a priority in forest enterprise inventories. The advent of powerful and cost effective remotely sensed auxiliary variables (X) correlated with Y means that a census of X in the forest enterprise is increasingly available. In combination with a probability sample of Y, the census affords a modeldependent stand-level inference. It is important, however, that the sampling design affords an estimation of possible stand-effects in the model linking X to Y.We demonstrate, with simulated data, that failing to quantify non-zero stand-effects in the intercept of a linear population-level model can lead to a serious underestimation of the uncertainty in a model-dependent estimate of a stand mean, and by extension a confidence interval with poor coverage.We also provide an approximation to the variance of stand-effects in an intercept for the case when a sampling design does not afford estimation. Furthermore, we propose a method to correct a potential negative bias in an estimate of the variance of stand-effects when a sampling design prescribes few stands with small within-stand sample sizes.
Sammendrag
Phenological observations are considered to be sensitive tools for identifying plant responses to climatic changes. Over the last 10 years, the onset of the phenophases of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) during spring tended to be earlier than the previous two decades in Ullensvang, western Norway. The effects of air temperature during the winter and spring months were evaluated during two quinquennia (5-year periods), 1996-2000 (Q1) and 2003-2007 (Q2) selected due to similar mean winter and early summer temperatures, but markedly different spring temperatures. Average January-February temperatures were similar (3.3°C) in both of these two 5-year periods. However, average March and April temperatures were slightly warmer (4.0 vs. 3.2°C) and (7.3 vs. 6.9°C), respectively, in Q2 vs. Q1. These increases resulted in significantly earlier flower development. Average temperatures during the first half of May were similar for both quinquennia (10.2 vs. 10.1°C). The start of flowering (first bloom) of early maturing ‘Burlat’ and mid-season ‘Van’ were significantly different. Timing of flowering phenophases were statistically different between Q1 and Q2 for both cultivars. Mean data for ‘Burlat’ and ‘Van’ first bloom were 8 days earlier during Q2, May 2 for ‘Burlat’ and May 1 for ‘Van’. Full bloom occurred 3 days after first bloom and flowering ended 14 days after first bloom. First bloom during Q2 required 221 Baskerville-Emin Growing degree days (GDD) using a base temperature of 2°C. For the same time period in Q1, only 197 GDD were accumulated, which supports the observed temperature differences. Furthermore, we propose a flowering model for full bloom of both ‘Burlat’ and ‘Van’ in Ullensvang, which requires 254 Baskerville-Emin GDD using a base of 2°C starting on March 1.