Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Forfattere
Line E. Sverdrup Roar Linjordet Gjermund Strømman Snorre Hagen Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Åsa Frostegård Roald SørheimSammendrag
The effect of zinc on soil nitrification and composition of the microbial community in soil was investigated using a full factorial experiment with five zinc concentrations and four levels of biological complexity (microbes only, microbes and earthworms (Eisenia fetida), microbes and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. Macho), and microbes, ryegrass and earthworms). After 6 weeks of exposure, the activity of soil nitrifying bacteria was measured and the microbial community structure was characterized by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil nitrification and several PLFA markers were significantly influenced by either zinc addition and/or the presence of earthworms or ryegrass, and one of the most pronounced changes was the increase of fungi and decrease of bacteria with increasing concentrations of zinc. Of particular interest, however, was the potential interaction between the presence of plants and/or earthworms and the effect of zinc, which the factorial study design allowed us to explore. Such an effect was observed in two cases: Earthworms reduced the positive effect of zinc on the fungal biomass (ANOVA, p = 0.03), and the effect of earthworms on the soil nitrification activity depended on zinc concentration (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The effect of earthworm presence was not very large, but it does show that multispecies tests might give information about metal toxicity, or bioavailability that cannot be predicted from single-species tests. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sammendrag
This study evaluates the decay and termite resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) treated with 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate (MTFB).Decay resistance tests of unleached samples showed that 2%, 1.5% and 1% concentrations of MTFB (15.4kg/m3, 11.1kg/m3, and 7.4kg/m3, retention levels, respectively) gave less than 2% decay of Postia placenta and concentrations of 2% and 1.5% less than 2% decay of Coniophora puteana.Wood specimens treated with 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate solutions were not protected against the brown rot fungi after a 14-day severe leaching process, suggesting excessive leaching of the chemical from wood. Treatment with 2% concentration protected against subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki based on mass losses in both leached and unleached wood specimens in comparison with lower concentration levels.These results suggest that 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate might be promising to protect wood being used outdoors against termite attack. However, 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate did not protect wood against fungal decay. Field tests are needed to observe the performance of 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate treated wood in ground contact.
Forfattere
Remigijus Bakys Rimvis Vasiliauskas Pia Barklund Katarina Ihrmark Jan StenlidSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tiina Kuusela Johanna Witzell Annika NordinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Leif SundheimSammendrag
Antagonistiske sopper har fått økt betydning som alternativ til kjemiske midler mot plantesjukdommer. Antall markedsførte sopper til bruk i biologisk bekjempelse øker fra år til år. Indudstriell produksjon av uten genetiske endringer og tap av effekt i biokontroll er en utfordring. Regelverket for godkjenning av biologiske preparater varierer fra land til land. Molekylære metoder er nyttige i registrering og markedsføring av sopper til biologisk bekjempelse.
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
On the southwest coast of Norway there are natural stands of holly (Ilex aquifolium), but a number of different varieties of I. aquifolium and I. meserveae are also grown in bough production fields, private gardens and public parks. Except for conifers, holly is the only tree we have with green foliage during the winter in Norway. The leathery, dark green leaves with prickly spines and the red berries have made holly a popular plant for Christmas decorations. Leaf-drop/defoliation has become an increasing problem during the last decades both before and after harvest, and thus destroys the marketability. We suspect that reduced grazing has resulted in more overgrown/dense stands and hence created ideal microclimate for fungal growth. Wet foliage due to shade and restricted air movement gives the spores good conditions for germination. On investigated diseased plant material collected from holly in the period 2001-2006, a number of possible pathogenic fungi were isolated; Fusarium avenaceum, Vialaea insculpta, Nectria sp., Colletotrichum acutatum, Trochila ilicina and Diaporthe ilicis (Talgø et al. 2006). The fungi were identified morphologically mainly based on information given by Ellis & Ellis (1997). Colletotrichum was identified to species level by PCR. In the literature we find very little about what kind of damage these organisms may cause on holly. Benson & Jones (2000) say that leaf-spotting fungi on holly can cause heavy defoliation before new growth starts in the spring, but they do not mention any specific pathogen. Therefore we will run pathogenesis tests with all the fungi mentioned above to fulfil Koch"s postulate.
Forfattere
Berit NordskogSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gro Hege Ludvigsen Olav LodeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Nå er furubukkarten Monochamus alternatus funnet innført til Norge i emballasjematerialet. Arten er den viktigste overføreren for den svært farlige furuvednematoden som drreper furutrær i Sørøst-Asia og Portugal.
Forfattere
Oleif Elen Per-Erik Clasen Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
I årene 2001-2004 ble 210 hveteprøver analysert for mykotoksinet DON. Høyeste mengden som ble påvist var 2600 µg/kg. Mengde Fusarium graminearum økte betydelig i denne perioden. Dette ble påvist både med tradisjonelle morfologiske metoder og ved kvatitativ TaqMan PCR. Vårhvetesorten Zebra hadde mest DON og vårhvete var mer utsatt for et høyt DON-innhold enn høsthvete.