Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Maria HerreroSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lise GrøvaSammendrag
Innlegg på forskersamling på Oscarsborg
Forfattere
Morten Walløe Tvedt Magnus Finckenhagen Nina Hovden SætherSammendrag
Patenter ble etablert for å beskytte tekniske oppfinnelser og lenge ble det antatt at patenter på husdyravl var utenkelig. Patenter øker imidlertid i aktualitet for husdyravl etterhvert som bioteknologiske prosesser eller medtoder utvikles og tas i bruk i kommersiell avl.Prosesspatenter beskytter både prosessen og produktet. Dette er uproblematisk så lenge produktene ikke produserer nye avkom, for når så skjer, må en ta stilling til om beskyttelsen skal gjelde i flere generasjoner og om avkommet må være identisk eller avvikende i forhold til opphavet. Dette er det opp til nasjonale domstoler å avgjøre, men de må følge retningslinjer som er gitt i bl a TRIPS-avtalen og EUs biotekpatentdirektiv. De norske avlsmiljøene utfordres til å komme på banen slik at unntak og spesialordninger etableres der det er mulig og hensiktsmessig.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Nye resultater angående frøoverføring og stammer av viruset fra EU-prosjektet Pepeira.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar Blystad Steen Lykke Nielsen Inge Hanssen Dimitrinka Hristova Ana Maria Nazaré Pereira Henryk Pospieszny Maja Ravnikar Laura Tomasolli Rick Mumford Christina Varveri René van der VlugtSammendrag
Pepinomosaikkvirus (Pepino mosaic virus, PepMV, slekt Potexvirus), er listet på EPPO’s “alert list” og blir vurdert som karantenevirus i flere europeiske land. Det har vært usikkerhet om hva som er viktige spredningsveier for dette viruset, og forskjellige land har praktisert ulikt med hensyn på forholdsregler og bekjempelsesstrategier.
Sammendrag
In the Nordic strawberry industry only single-cropping cultivars are used. Several everbearing cultivars have been tried, but neither yield nor quality has been satisfactory. In 2005, new everbearing cultivars were collected and an experiment was established in a polyethylene tunnel. Yield and runnering capacity were recorded in two seasons. The cultivars were the English 'Flamenco' and 'Everest', the Dutch 'Elan' and the Norwegian 'Rita', 'Rondo', 'Ridder' and 'Rosa'. Plug plants were planted in double rows on low ridges mulched with plastic at a plant density equivalent to 50,000 plants per ha. A block design with 20 plants per plot and four replicates was used. The field was harvested two to three times a week during the whole season from June until the beginning of October in both years. Berry size was recorded at all harvests while taste and general performance were evaluated using a scale 1-9. In the first year, the everbearing cultivars had significantly higher yield than the single-cropping cultivars due to more inflorescences, but this was levelled out the second year. While the cropping season of the single-cropping cultivars is only about four weeks, the everbearing cultivars were picked from late June until beginning of October, in both years. The highest yields were obtained by 'Everest' (729 and 844 g) followed by 'Rita' and 'Ridder'. The cultivars 'Elan' and 'Rondo' scored highest both in taste and general performance. 'Everest' also performed well, but flavour was not acceptable.
Forfattere
Mekjell MelandSammendrag
The performance of 26 different cherry rootstocks (‘Hexaploid Colt"," Damil", ‘Tabel® Edabriz", ‘Gisela® (Gi) 3", ‘4", ‘5", ‘6", ‘7", ‘11", ‘Giessen (GI) 107/1", ‘148/13", ‘154/7" , ‘195/20", ‘318/17", ‘497/8", ‘523/02", ‘Weiroot (W) 10", ‘53", ‘158", ‘Maxma 14", ‘Maxma 60", ‘Maxma 97", ‘PHL-A", ‘PHL-B", ‘Piku®1"and ‘Piku® 3"), compared with ‘Colt" as a standard, for the cultivar ‘Lapins" (Prunus avium L), was assessed in a field trial in western Norway at 60° North. Trees, one-year-old whips, were planted in spring 1999; at 2.0 x 4.5 m spacing and trained to central leader as free spindle. Tree vigour, yield, fruit size, fruit quality and yield efficiency were evaluated for eight subsequent years. Tree sizes were significantly affected by the rootstocks after eight years growth. ‘Tabel®Edabriz", ‘Gi 3" and ‘Gi 4" produced the smallest and ‘Piku®3", ‘Colt"," Damil" and ‘Maxma 60" the largest trees as measured by trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). The most vigourus rootstock had five times larger TCSA than the dwarfest rootstocks. ‘Piku®1" was the most productive rootstock for this cultivar with highest cumulative yield followed by ‘Colt", ‘Piku®3" and ‘Gi 523/02". Average yield per tree and per year during the first seven cropping years was 12 kg for ‘Piku®1". ‘Piku®1" and ‘Gi 5" induced early bearing. Trees on ‘Gi 5" and ‘Gi 6"were the most yield efficient. Fruit size became significantly affected by the different rootstocks. In average for the different cropping years many of the Gi number selections, ‘Colt", ‘Damil" and ‘Piku®1"all had a average fruit weight larger than 10 g per fruit. Fruit quality characterized by the content of soluble solids was in an average of 17.5 %. It was not influenced by crop load and did not differ much between trees on the various rootstocks. In conclusion, for high density production systems the most productive semi-vigorous rootstocks were ‘Colt"," Piku®3" and ‘Damil" and the semi-dwarf Piku®1", ‘Gi 5" and "Gi 6".
Forfattere
Annelene Pengerud Line Tau Strand Daniel P. Rasse Karin Knoth de ZarrukSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Peruskjellfrø tilhører den biologiske gruppen sommerettårige ugras. Planten har en greinet pålerot, og kan bli 20-80 cm høy. Stengelen er opprett, greinet, av og til med tre greiner fra samme bladfeste, og korthåret i toppen. Bladene er motsatte og rundtagget. De nederste er kortstilket, eggformet og tilspisset, de øvre er omtrent sittende, avlange og lansettformet. Planten har mange små prestekrageliknende korger. Frukten er en nøtt med fnokk, her representert som frynsete eller helt oppflisete skjell, og som i tørrvær brer seg ut som en fallskjerm, slik at fruktene fyker av gårde med vinden. Forekommer i åpen åker, på avfallsplasser og veikanter. Liker best leirjord, synes å tilpasse seg mange typer jordarter og fuktighetsforhold. Er varmekjær og ømfintlig for frost. Opptrer som ugras i alle slags åkerkulturer, og spesielt i byer, hage og gartnerier. Mindre brysom i Skandinavia. Stammer opprinnelig fra Peru i Sør-Amerika, og ble introdusert til botanisk hage i Madrid i 1790-årene. Kom til Norge i 1830. Kan bekjempes som andre sommerettårige ugrasarter.
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim Maria-Luz Herrero Trond Rafoss Brita Toppe May Bente Brurberg Trond Hofsvang Christer Magnusson Anne Marte Tronsmo Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Phytophthora ramorum S. Werres, A.W.A.M. de Cook & W.A. Man in‘t Veld is a newly described Phytophthora-species which is considered to be relatively recently introduced to both USA and Europe from an unknown area, or areas, of origin. The pathogen has a wide host range and causes a complexity of disease symptoms generally grouped into three categories: canker, foliage lesion, and dieback. In Europe the pathogen has been reported in 21 countries, Norway included; predominantly on ornamental plants in nurseries, but also outside nurseries in gardens and semi-natural environment, most often on rhododendrons. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority needs a risk assessment of the pest as basis for an evaluation of a future phytosanitary risk management of P. ramorum, including whether the organism should be regulated as a quarantine pest in Norway. On this background the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, in a letter of 22nd August 2008, requested a pest risk assessment of P. ramorum from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM). The pest risk assessment was adopted by VKM"s Panel on plant health (Panel 9) on a meeting 24th June 2009. VKM"s Panel 9 gives the following main conclusions of the risk assessment: 1) P. ramorum is present but not widely distributed in Norway, and the pest is under official control. The outdoors surveys of P. ramorum in Norway have not been conducted systematically over the whole country, and some uncertainty therefore still remains regarding the current distribution of P. ramorum in the PRA area. 2) The overall probability of entry of P. ramorum into Norway and the overall probability of establishment of P. ramorum in Norway are both rated as high with low levels of uncertainty; 3) In the absence of statutory control the probability for P. ramorum to be spread quickly in the PRA area by trade of host plants for planting is rated as high. The uncertainty of this assessment is low; 4) The part of the PRA area where presence of P. ramorum might result in economically important losses (the endangered area) is assessed to be most of the country of Norway, except where the climate is predicted to be unfavourable for the pest. However, this area must be regarded as a maximum estimate for the endangered area. On the other hand, a narrow and very conservative estimate for the endangered area can be defined based on the geographical distribution of highly susceptible host plants in Norway. This area is gardens and parks with Rhododendron spp., Viburnum spp. and F. sylvatica and areas in the wild into which Rhododendron spp. has spread and woods with F. sylvatica. Woods with F. sylvatica is limited to the county of Vestfold and some small areas in the counties of Aust-Agder and Hordaland; 5) P. ramorum is likely to have moderate economic impact on the nurseries in the PRA area with current phytosanitary measures. Without any such regulations P. ramorum is likely to have major economic impact on the nursery industry of the PRA area. The levels of uncertainties of these assessments are low; 6) With current phytosanitary measures P. ramorum is likely to have moderate economic impact on parks and private gardens in parts of the PRA area. Without any such regulations P. ramorum is likely to have major economic impact in the best climatic zones of the PRA area. The levels of uncertainties of these assessments are low; 7) The impact of P. ramorum in coniferous and mixed forests of the PRA area is likely to be minor. The level of uncertainty of this assessment is medium. The impact of P. ramorum in natural and planted deciduous broadleaf forests of the PRA area is likely to be minor due to the scattered and limited distribution of the most susceptible species. The level of uncertainty of this assessment is medium; 8) The non-commercial and environmental consequences to natural environments in the PRA area are likely to be moderate. The level of uncertainty ...