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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2010

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Sammendrag

The Hungarian Detailed Soil Hydrophysical Database, called MARTHA ver2.0 has been developed to collect information on measured soil hydraulic and physical characteristics in Hungary. Recently this is the largest detailed national hydrophysical database, containing controlled information from a total of 15,005 soil horizons. Two commonly used pedotransfer functions were tested to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions on the MARTHA data set, representative for Hungarian soils. In general, the application of both examined pedotransfer functions (Rajkai, 1988; Wösten et al., 1999) was not very successful, because these PTFs are representative for other soil groups. The classification tree method was used to evaluate the effect of soil structure on the goodness of estimations. It was found that using the soil structure data the inaccuracies of soil water retention predictions are more explainable and the structure may serve as a grouping variable for the development of class PTFs.

Sammendrag

Aphids are recognised worldwide as economically important pests in vegetable production systems. In Benin, aphids are key biotic constraint to vegetable production. Research and information on aphid species and their natural enemies associated with vegetable agro-ecosystems is limited and poorly documented in Benin. Therefore, a study was undertaken at 31 vegetable production sites across Benin to identify the aphid species, their host plants, and their natural enemies.

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Sammendrag

The pinewood nematode (PWN) is one of the worst tree-killing exotic pests in East-Asian countries. The first European record of establishment in Portugal in 1999 triggered extensive surveys and contingency plans for eradication in European countries, including immediate removal of large areas of conifer host trees. Using Norway as an example, we applied a simulation model to evaluate the chance of successful eradication of a hypothetical introduction by the current contingency plan in a northern area where wilting symptoms are not expected to occur. Despite a highly variable spread of nematode infestations in space and time, the probability of successful eradication in 20 years was consistently low (mean 0.035, SE 0.02). The low success did not change significantly by varying the biological parameters in sensitivity analyses (SA), probably due to the late detection of infestations by the survey (mean 14.3 years). SA revealed a strong influence of management parameters. However, a high probability of eradication required unrealistic measures: achieving an eradication probability of 0.99 in 20 years required 10,000 survey samples per year and a host tree removal radius of 8,000 m around each detection point.

Sammendrag

Phytophthora cactorum, den sopp-lignende skadegjøreren som forårsaker kronråte i jordbær, kan overleve i mange år i jorda og det er ingen god måte å bli kvitt skadegjøreren på når den har kommet inn i et felt eller en planteskole. Smittede planter trenger ikke umiddelbart å vise symptomer, noe som gjør skadegjøreren enda mer vanskelig å hanskes med. Selv om det er variasjon i mottakelighet, er så godt som alle jordbærsorter i kommersiell bruk, mottakelige. Vi vet imidlertid at resistente varianter finnes innenfor jordbæras nære slektninger, foreldreartene Fragaria virginiana og Fragaria chiloensis. Det er mye uklarhet omkring hva som ligger bak forskjeller i kronråteresistens, og siden en slik forståelse er viktig for håndteringen i en foredlingssammenheng, ønsker vi å undersøke dette. Jordbæra (Fragaria x ananassa) og dens nevnte foreldrearter er imidlertid oktoploide - de har 8 sett kromosomer - noe som gjør dem vanskelig å bruke i genetiske studier. Vi, og mange andre forskergrupper, har derfor valgt å fokusere på en enklere modellplante for å finne basiskunnskap som vi i ettertid håper å kunne overføre til de dyrkede jordbæra.