Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Helge SjursenSammendrag
Geitrams hører til den biologiske gruppen flerårig, vandrende med formeringsrøtter. Den voksne planten er 0,6-1,25 m høy. Formeringsrøttene er seige, sterkt greinet og vokser i udyrket mark på små dyp, i åker dels under plogsålen. Stengelen er opprett, rund eller litt kantet, snau nede, og mer eller mindre håret øverst. Bladene er sittende eller kortstilket, skruestilte, spredte, lansettformete med innrullete kanter, avsmalnende mot begge ender, og blågrønne på undersiden med tydelige nerver. Blomstene (rosa, sjeldnere bleikrosa eller kvite) sitter i lang, pyramideformet klase i toppen av stengelen. Forekommer i dyrket mark, langs skogkanter, på åpne områder i skogen, gjerne hogstflater og brannflater, langs veier og jernbanelinjer, gjerne på sand- og morenejord, med høyt nitratinnhold. Opptrer som ugras på plantefelt i skogen og i alle slags åkerkulturer. Rustsoppen edelgranrust har geitrams som hovedvert og edelgran som mellomvert. Kan gjøre skade på nåler og toppskudd. Unge skudd av geitrams er spiselige. Planten kan bekjempes ved luking på mindre flekker, radrensing i åker. Kjemisk kan glyfosat/Roundup eller fluroksypyr-1-metylheptylester (Tomahawk 180 EC eller Starane 180) brukes på velutviklet bladverk.
Forfattere
Rebekka ØvstegårdSammendrag
Gender analysis is an important component of the Climarice project in order to better understand the ways in which women and men are differently affected by climate change and how they are adapting. During the current year, a preliminary analysis has been carried out on gender issues. This will be followed by a detailed study in 2011 in selected areas in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The expected outputs will provide more detailed analysis on gender differences and a better understanding of men and women’s vulnerabilities to climate change and clarify the special needs of men and women to adapt. The overall goal is to contribute towards developing appropriate strategies and policy to address gender issues in climate change.
Forfattere
Rebekka ØvstegårdSammendrag
Gender analysis is an important component of the Climarice project in order to better understand the ways in which women and men are differently affected by climate change and how they are adapting. During the current year, a preliminary analysis has been carried out on gender issues. This will be followed by a detailed study in 2011 in selected areas in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The expected outputs will provide more detailed analysis on gender differences and a better understanding of men and women’s vulnerabilities to climate change and clarify the special needs of men and women to adapt. The overall goal is to contribute towards developing appropriate strategies and policy to address gender issues in climate change.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Hans Geir Eiken Rune Andreassen Alexander Kopatz I WartiainenSammendrag
The use of non-invasive sampling of hairs and scats in wildlife genetics opens the possibility for sampling and analyzing living populations of brown bears (Ursus arctos). The aims of this study have been to develop a quality assured approach for genetic assignment of individual identity of brown bears and to generate a population database that can be used for research, conservation management and forensics. Non-invasive genetic sampling was performed by collection of scats and hairs in the field during the time period from 2004 to 2008. Hair traps were applied to collect hairs from bears in selected geographical areas in 2007 and 2008. Genotypes from 13 STR loci were determined for 232 Norwegian bears. Initial analysis of the entire sample indicated a high level of substructure, and the sample was divided in four geographically different populations consisting of 206 individuals for further validation of the markers. Ten STRs (G1D, G10L, Mu05, Mu09, Mu10, Mu15, Mu23, Mu50, Mu51 and Mu59) conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations with only minor deviations, while the remaining three STR loci (G1A, Mu26 and G10B) were subjected to further molecular analysis. The average estimate of population substructure for Norwegian bears using 10 STRs (FST) was determined to be 0.1, while the estimate for inbreeding (FIS) was -0.02. Accounting for the FST-value, the average probability of identity (PIave) was 5.67 x 10-10 and the average probability of sibling identity (PIsib) was 1.68 x 10-4. Accreditation in accordance with the international standard ISO17025 was achieved for the described laboratory approach in 2009. We suggest that this approach and STR markers should also be considered to be used for other populations of brown bears in Northern Europe in order to ensure a common quality of the data as well as to facilitate exchange of information in conservation genetics.
Sammendrag
Isolates of Colletotrichum sublineolum were collected from different sorghum-producing regions of Ethiopia and divided into five groups based on their geographic origin. The growth rate of 50 isolates showed considerable variation: 1·7?5·8 mm day?1, mean 3·3 mm day?1. However, the isolates displayed little variation in colony colour and colony margin, except for isolates from the north, which were different from the others. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of 102 isolates revealed much greater variations among the different groups. Dice similarity coefficients ranged from 0·32 to 0·96 (mean 0·78). Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed a differentiation of the isolates according to their geographic origin, and both methods clearly indicated a genetic separation between the southern, the eastern and the other isolates. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) indicated a high level of genetic variation both among (42%) and within (58%) the C. sublineolum sampling sites in Ethiopia. The amova also indicated a high level of genetic differentiation (FST = 0·42) and limited gene flow (Nm = 0·343). The results of this study confirmed the presence of a highly diverse pathogen, which is in agreement with the existence of diverse host genotypes and widely ranging environmental conditions in sorghum-producing regions of the country. Such diversity should be taken into account in future breeding programmes to achieve an effective and sustainable disease management strategy.
Forfattere
Mari Mette Tollefsrud Christoph SperisenSammendrag
Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), one of the most important species of the boreal forest, is found naturally distributed in two disjunct ranges; one northern and one southern European range. These ranges have been shown to correspond to two genetically distinct lineages. In this talk, results on the genetic structure based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; nad1) and nuclear microsatellites in populations from the northern European lineage, will be presented and discussed in the light of its glacial and postglacial history. The genetic relationship between Norway spruce and its will closest relative Siberian spruce (Picea abovata Lebed.) will also be discussed based on results from mtDNA and paternally inherited chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Genetic structure of northern European Norway spruce is generally shallow, consistent with recently compiled pollen data, suggesting that Norway spruce in Northern Europe was colonized from a single Russian refugium. Despite the low differentiation found, the structure at both mtDNA and nuclear DNA suggest that expansion westwards took place along two main migration routes; one northwestern over Finland to northern Scandinavia, and one southwestern across the Baltic Sea into Scandinavia. Based on both mtDNA and nuclear DNA, populations in the oldest regions of Russia and the Baltic States show the highest diversity. Based on pollen data, colonization of these regions took place at high population densities, helping to maintain high levels of diversity. Also populations in southern Sweden and southern Norway show relatively high levels of diversity compared to the more northern Scandinavian populations. This may be due to the additional southern migration route into the region, as well as pollen-mediated gene flow in the south which seems to efficiently have replenished the loss of nuclear diversity following postglacial colonization. In the northern part of Fennoscandia, smaller effective population size due to more limited seed and pollen production may have caused decreased nuclear diversity and increased inbreeding, reflecting the ecological marginality of the species in the north. Genetic differentiation between Norway spruce and Siberian spruce based on mitochondrial and chloroplast markers suggest that the border between the two species occur east of the Ural Mountain, following the river Ob. Still, the paternally inherited cpDNA marker suggests extensive introgression from Siberian spruce into the northern European range of Norway spruce. Introgression via pollen may thus acts as a mechanism of dispersal of Siberian spruce genes into the northern European gene pool of Norway spruce.
Forfattere
Ingvild WartiainenSammendrag
presentasjon av data fra det nasjonale overvåkningsprogrammet for brunbjørn 2006-2008, samt data fra analyser av hårprøver fra hi i perioden 2002-2008. Nyheter fra andre FoU prosjekter på brunbjørn som Svanhovd har hatt de siste par år.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag