Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2014
Forfattere
Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
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Forfattere
Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
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Forfattere
Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Stephen Byrne Liv Østrem Åshild Ergon Bruno Studer Torben Asp Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
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Forfattere
Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Stephen Byrne Liv Ostrem Åshild Ergon Bruno Studer Torben Asp Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Precise methods for the detection of geologically stored CO2within and above soil surfaces are an impor-tant component of the development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) under terrestrial environments.Although CO2leaks are not expected in well-chosen and operated storage sites, monitoring is required bylegislation and any leakage needs to be quantified under the EU Emissions Trading Directive. The objec-tive of the present research was to test if13C stable isotope motoring of soil and canopy atmosphere CO2increases our detection sensitivity for CCS-CO2as compared with concentration monitoring only. A CO2injection experiment was designed to create a horizontal CO2gradient across 6 m × 3 m plots, which weresown with oats in 2011 and 2012. Injected CO2was methane derived and had an isotopic signature of−46.2‰. The CO2concentrations were measured within the soil profile with passive samplers and at sev-eral heights within the crop canopies. The CO2fluxes and their13C signatures were also measured acrossthe experimental plots. In situ monitoring and gas samples measurements were conducted with a cavityring down spectrometer (CRDS). The plots displayed hot spots of injected-CO2leakage clearly detectableby either concentration or isotopic signature measurements. In addition, the13C signature measurementsallow us to detect injected CO2in plot regions where its presence could not be unequivocally ascertainedbased on concentration measurement alone.
Forfattere
Peter Waldner Aldo Marchetto Anne Thimonier Maria Schmitt Michela Rogora Oliver Granke Volker Mues Karin Hansen Gunilla Pihl Karlsson Daniel Žlindra Nicholas Clarke Arne Verstraeten Andis Lazdins Claus Schimming Carmen Iacoban Antti-Jussi Lindroos Elena Vanguelova Sue Benham Henning Meesenburg Manuel Nicolas Anna Kowalska Vladislav Apuhtin Ulle Napa Zora Lachmanová Ferdinand Kristoefel Albert Bleeker Morten Ingerslev Lars Vesterdal Juan Molina Uwe Fischer Walter Seidling Mathieu Jonard Philip O'Dea James Johnson Richard Fischer Martin LorenzSammendrag
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Forfattere
Lone RossSammendrag
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Forfattere
Ida F. Svendsen Karl Andreas Jensen Marit S. Asklien Ketil Haarstad Elin Lovise GjengedalSammendrag
Large quantities of mercury (Hg) containing waste have been deposited on MSW landfills for half a century. Despite its known volatility, persistence, and toxicity in the environment, the fate of Hg in landfills has not been widely studied. However, the generation of methane by anaerobic bacteria suggests that landfills may act as bioreactors for methylated mercury (Me-Hg) (Lindberg et al. 2005). Studies conducted at operating landfills in the US identified and quantified both gaseous inorganic and Me-Hg species. Lindberg and co-workers (2005) estimated an average atmospheric Hg release in landfill gas (LFG) of about 300-400 mg/d, where the methylated forms of Hg were calculated to be 1- 10 mg/d. Industrial and commercial uses of Hg are regulated in many countries. The Norwegian government has introduced several resolutions with the intention to halting the Hg emissions by 2020 (Miljødirektoratet 2013). In an investigation by Øygard et al. (2004) it was found that less than 0.02% of the Hg deposited in a MSW landfill was discharged through the leachate, even without leachate treatment plants. Data on whether gas discharged from Norwegian MSW landfill sites contains any form of Hg are missing. As restrictions against the use of Hg in a number of products are adopted, most recently in 2008 (Miljødirektoratet 2013), there is every reason to believe that there are traces of Hg in discharged landfill gas. Discharged gas is sampled at Solgård waste disposal site in Moss, Norway, an active landfill established in 1978. Currently the landfill covers a surface area of approximately 204 000 m2. Different forms of mercury in LFG are sampled by means of a three pieces cassette packed with three selective adsorbents. In the first piece, an untreated cellulose support pad is used for trapping particles. For the determination of inorganic mercury (Hg0), cellulose support pads impregnated with palladium (Pd) is placed in the second piece. The last piece is filled with a CarbopackTM adsorbent for determination of organic Hg. The flow rate is set to 3 L/min for 3 hours. Subsequently, the adsorbents are subjected to acid digestion in a closed microwave system (260 0C) prior to analysis with ICP-MS. Use of CarbopackTM also allow us to simultaneously determine tin (Sn). Organic Sn is, like organic Hg, of interest in terms of hazardous pollutants, although it is not yet adopted restrictions for its use. Results from ongoing field and laboratory work will be presented. References Lindberg, S., Southworth, G., Prestbo, E., Wallschläger, D., Bogle, M. & Price, J. (2005). Gaseous methyl-and inorganic mercury in landfill gas from landfills in Florida, Minnesota, Delaware, and California. Atmospheric Environment, 39 (2): 249-258. Miljødirektoratet. (2013). Miljøstatus: Kvikksølv. Available at: http://www.miljostatus.no/Tema/Kjemikalier/Noen-farlige-kjemikalier/Kvikksolv/ (accessed: 09.01.2014). Øygard, J. K., Måge, A. & Gjengedal, E. (2004). Estimation of the mass-balance of selected metals in four sanitary landfills in Western Norway, with emphasis on the heavy metal content of the deposited waste and the leachate. Water research, 38 (12): 2851-2858.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Geir Kjølberg Knudsen Anders Aak Hans Ragnar Norli Gunda ThoemingSammendrag
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