Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
From 2002 to 06, the annual dropout rate of certified organic farmers averaged 7.3%. A project was started in 2007 to explore farmer"s reasons for opting out of certified organic production. Important factors seem to be public regulations including standards for organic farming, agronomy, economy, and farm exit. While many organic farmers with relatively small holdings have opted out, farmers with more land and larger herds tend to convert to organic agriculture. The trend towards larger-scale farms in organic than in conventional agriculture, encouraged by the design of the organic farming payments, challenges the organic principles of diversity and fairness. Means should be considered to ensure that small organic enterprises are also economically viable.
Sammendrag
Med et offentlig mål om at 15 % av matproduksjonen og -forbruket skal være økologisk i 2015, må norsk økologisk landbruk vokse raskt og mye. Da er det problematisk at mange økobønder slutter. Fra 2004 til 2007 meldte 646 bønder seg ut av Debios kontrollordning for økologisk produksjon. Nettotilveksten i samme periode var bare 177 bruk, slik at det i 2007 var 2611 økogårder i Norge. Andel økologisk jordbruksareal økte fra 3,4 til 3,9 %, noe som er for sakte i forhold til målsetningen.
Sammendrag
Over 6 % av alle økobønder meldte seg ut av Debio årlig mellom 2004 og 2007. Mange av de utmeldte er fortsatt bønder. De fleste driver nå konvensjonelt, mens en av fem driver etter økologiske prinsipp, men uten Debio-godkjenning. Hver fjerde økobonde vurderer å melde seg ut av Debio-ordningen innen 5-10 år.
Sammendrag
We present the number of farmers entering and opting out of organic farming in recent years; the farmers" reasons for opting out; and some of the farm characteristics. The work is a part of the research project "Reasons for opting out of certified organic production in Norway" (2007-08), funded by the Research Council of Norway and the Agricultural Agreement Fund.
Sammendrag
From 2002 to 2006, the annual dropout rate of certified organic farmers averaged 7.3 %. A project was started in 2007 to explore farmer"s reasons for opting out of certified organic production. Important factors were public regulations including standards for organic farming, agronomy, economy, and farm exit. While many organic farmers with relatively small holdings have opted out, farmers with more land and larger herds tend to convert to organic agriculture. The trend towards larger-scale farms in organic than in conventional agriculture, encouraged by the design of the organic farming payments, challenges the organic principles of diversity and fairness. Means should be considered to ensure that small organic enterprises are also economically viable.
Sammendrag
From 2002 to 2007, the number of organic farms in Norway has increased slightly, from 2303 to 2611. The area of organically certified and in conversion farmland has increased much more, from 32,499 to 49,563 ha. Hence, the average size of organic farms has increased considerably, from 19.7 to 25.5 ha agricultural area per farm. This is 20 % above the Norwegian average farm size. As parallel production is permitted, many farms have both organic and conventional production. The average organically managed agricultural area has increased from 11 to 15.4 ha per farm, and the number of milking cows on organic dairy farms from 15 to 20. Many small farms have opted out of certified organic agriculture, whereas farmers with more land are converting to organic. While most of the public financial support in Norwegian agriculture is differentiated in relation to farm size and region, support for organic agriculture is little differentiated. This encourages the conversion of larger operations. However, the diversity of the organic sector is reduced when smaller farms do not convert or opt out, and it should be considered how organic farming can be an interesting option for farmers independent of farm size.
2007
Sammendrag
The study aims to estimate the effects on the sheep farm economy of reducing grazing levels necessitated due to possible overgrazing by sheep on two important mountainous range pastures in southwest Norway. The pasture range in Setesdal Vesthei is grazed by sheep from distant farms located at Jæren (south of Stavanger), while south-western Hardangervidda is grazed by sheep from local farms and distant farms located along the coast. Farmers utilizing the pasture areas combine sheep with dairy cows, off farm work or businesses, while the local farms combine it with orchards. A Linear Programming (LP) model for specialized sheep farms based on farm records has been developed to study effects of reaching various grazing capacity levels. Reducing the number of sheep in Setesdal Vesthei by 10 percent would lower farm income per breeding stock animal with € 15 to € 119 and with € 35 to € 211 for Hardangervidda. The decrease in annual income will range from € 15,00 to € 119,00 in total for the farms using Setesdal Vesthei. The economic effects depend much on meat production per ewe. Replacing unilateral sheep grazing with a mixed system involving suckling goats and heifers is discussed to deal with the problems of encroachment and increasing elevation of the alpine tree-line.
Sammendrag
Alle næringer er utsatt for risiko. Det er vanlig å anta at de fleste personer, også bedriftsledere og aksjonærer, har risikoaversjon. De foretrekker en sikker inntekt framfor en usikker inntekt med samme forventning. På den andre siden er profitt en belønning for å ta risiko. Dersom en ikke er villig til å ta noe risiko, kan en heller ikke vente å oppnå høy profitt. Formålet med dette notatet er å sammenligne risikoeksponering og risikostyring i havbruk og jordbruk. Vi har sett på to hovedtemaer: 1. Hvilke typer risiko som ulike driftsgreiner innen akvakultur og jordbruk har til felles og hvilke som er spesielle for enkelte næringer og driftsgreiner, herunder «grovt» gradere samt kvantifisere størrelsen/betydningen til ulike typer risiko. 2. Hvilke virkemidler som ulike næringer og driftsgreiner benytter eller kan benytte for å styre risiko, og i hvilken grad det er institusjonelle eller andre forhold ved næringer og driftsgreiner som gjør at potensielt effektive virkemidler ikke blir benyttet. […]