Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Hege Nordheim-VikenSammendrag
Undersøkelser har vist at den totalt ufordøyelige fraksjonen av fiber (IaNDF) og den fraksjonelle nedbrytningshastigheten av den potentielt fordøyelige fiberfraksjonen (kdPaNDF) er de mest sensitive variablene for grovfôrkvaliteten. Timotei er den mest brukte grasarten i Skandinavia, og ulike sorter er tilpasset klimaet i forskjellige regioner. Formålet med de utførte forsøkene var å (1) undersøke effekten av utviklingsstadium og årsvariasjon på innholdet av fiber (aNDF), IaNDF og kdPaNDF i to ulike sorter av timotei. (Artikkel I), (2) å undersøke effektene av utviklingsstadium, temperatur og lysperiode på vekstkarakteristikker kjemisk innhold og IaNDF i timotei under kontrollerte betingelser. (Artikkel II), og (3) evaluere og kalibrere nær-infrarød refleksjons-spektroskopi (NIRS) systemet for prediksjon av innhold av IaNDF and kdPaNDF i gras og rødkløver (Artikkel III). Hovedkonklusjonen fra dette studiet er at utviklingsstadium ved høsting har stor innflytelse på fôrkvaliteten på grunn av endringer i nedbrytningskarakteristikkene av fiber. Effekt av temperatur på nedbrytningskarakteristikkene var mindre klar. Mens resultatene fra feltforsøkene antydet en effekt av temperatur på nedbrytningskarakteristikkene av fiber, kunne en ikke i forsøk under kontrollerte betingelser påvise effekt av temperatur på fordøyelighet av fiber. Temperatur hadde likevel stor betydning for vekstfaktorer og utvikling av gras.
Forfattere
Grete Lene SerikstadSammendrag
Kravene for å få Ø-merking kan virke urimelige for noen. Grunnlaget for reglene om økologisk produksjon er internasjonale og disse reglene skal gi forbrukerne en garanti for produksjonsmåten og sikre produsentene en merpris. I Norge er det Mattilsynet og Debio som står for inspeksjon og godkjenning av økologisk produksjon, import og foredling.
Forfattere
Grete Lene SerikstadSammendrag
- Våre lam har gått på utmarksbeite nesten hele livet - hvorfor kan ikke kjøttet selges som økologisk? Kravene for å få Ø-merking på produktene kan virke urimelige for noen. Grunnlaget for reglene om økologisk produksjon er internasjonale og disse reglene skal gi forbrukerne en garanti for produksjonsmåten og sikre produsentene en merpris.
Sammendrag
Rural communities in Norway have been under great economic stress in recent years. There has been an increasing debate about how to utilize the large potential in a growing tourism industry to promote rural employment and income. This study is based on the institutional view of innovation with a focus on institutions that are important for stimulating innovations. The objectives are: 1) to determine if networking is positively related to innovativeness and if innovativeness is positively related to performance in the nature-based tourism industry in Norway and 2) to develop an in-depth understanding of how different actors trigger a member of the industry to change, create, or otherwise innovate. An e-mail survey was conducted of companies across the country followed by a qualitative study in one Norwegian municipality. Results indicate that there is a positive connection between networking and innovativeness, and between innovativeness and performance. A qualitative case example illustrates the interaction among actors and the resulting impacts on the innovation process.
Sammendrag
Rural communities in Norway have been under great economic stress in recent years. There has been an increasing debate about how to utilize the large potential in a growing tourism industry to promote rural employment and income. This study is based on the institutional view of innovation with a focus on institutions that are important for stimulating innovations. The objectives are: 1) to determine if networking is positively related to innovativeness and if innovativeness is positively related to performance in the nature-based tourism industry in Norway and 2) to develop an in-depth understanding of how different actors trigger a member of the industry to change, create, or otherwise innovate. An email survey was conducted of companies across the country followed by a qualitative study in one Norwegian municipality. Results indicate that there is a positive connection between networking and innovativeness, and between innovativeness and performance. A qualitative case example illustrates the interaction among actors and the resulting impacts on the innovation process.
Sammendrag
Studies regarding the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are hampered by the lack of tools to localize and quantify ENPs in water, sediments, soils, and organisms. Neutron activation of mineral ENPs offers the possibility of labeling ENPs in a way that avoids surface modification and permits both localization and quantification within a matrix or an organism. Time-course experiments in vivo also may be conducted with small organisms to study metabolism and exposure, two aspects currently lacking in ecotoxicological knowledge about ENPs. The present report explains some of the prerequisites and advantages of neutron activation as a tool for studying ENPs in environmental samples and ecologically relevant organisms, and it demonstrates the suitability of neutron activation for Ag, Co/Co3O4, and CeO2 nanoparticles. In a preliminary experiment with the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the dietary uptake and excretion of a Co nanopowder (average particle size, 4 nm; surface area, 59 m(2)/g) were studied. Cobalt ENPs were taken up to a high extent during 7 d of exposure (concentration ratios of 0.16-0.20 relative to the ENP concentration in horse manure) and were largely retained within the worms for a period of eight weeks, with less than 20% of absorbed ENPs being excreted. Following dissection of the worms, Co-60 was detected in spermatogenic cells, cocoons, and blood using scintillation counting and autoradiography. The experimental opportunities that neutron activation of ENPs offer are discussed.
Sammendrag
The European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer is a widely distributed defoliator of pines that can cause substantial growth losses over extensive areas. It attacks most species of twoneedle pines in its distribution area, and have occasional short-lived outbreaks that may cover up to 200.000 ha. In Norway we have had outbreak populations in the eastern part of the country since 2004, and in an ongoing research project we are evaluating aerial application of the Neodiprion sertifer nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NsNPV) to control Neodiprion sertifer....
Forfattere
Tore Krogstad Anne Falk Øgaard Annbjørg Øverli KristoffersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Tore Krogstad Anne Falk Øgaard Annbjørg Øverli KristoffersenSammendrag
The P norm for meadow, pasture, oil seeds and cereal crops is reduced by 25-30% to a balance level for input and output of P. A new correction system has a stronger reduction in P fertilization at high to very high soil P-AL levels than the old correction system, resulting in a faster decrease in the P-AL fraction over time when P-AL is high. No P fertilization is recommended at P-AL levels higher than 14. The combined effect of new P norms and correction system is expected to have a very marked effect on the use of P fertilizer as the reduction in P recommendations is about 50% or more at common P-AL levels (P-AL 10-15) in the soil.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag