Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Sølvi SvendsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sølvi Svendsen Siv Fagertun RembergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Terje Birkeland Erlend Nybakk Knut FinstadSammendrag
Den Store Apteringsboka omhandler verdi- og fordelingsaptering i hogstmaskiner, og forhold som påvirker apteringa og mulighetene vi har til å påvirke tømmerutfallet.Boka er skrevet i det brukerstyrte FoU-prosjektet `Kundestyrte tømmerleveranser (KUL2)`.
Forfattere
Audun KorsæthSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
Hva kan man forvente seg når man legger om fra konvensjonell til økologiske melkeproduksjon? Endringer i produksjonen, økonomien på økologiske melkebruk etter omlegging og kunnskap om hva som motiverte bøndene til å legge om er blitt undersøkt av NILF (Norsk institutt for landbruksøkonomisk forskning). Regnskapet til 32 økologiske melkebruk fordelt over hele landet og en spørreundersøkelse blant 23 av brukerne ligger til grunn for resultatene. Den gjennomsnittlige økologiske melkebonden er 49 år, mann, gift/samboer og har landbruksutdanning. De fleste la om produksjonen gradvis og har økt det totale arealet med i gjennomsnitt 116 dekar ved å leie jord. Utfordringer bøndene møtte i starten av omlegginga: Praktisk løsning for lufting av dyra o.l Byhets og negative naboer Janteloven Mange regler å sette seg inn i Psykiske hindringer, det vil si egne holdninger Frykt for dårlige avlinger Holdninger fra Tine og kjøttsamvirket Bygningsmessige løsninger Les mer om hele saken på Agropub, og NILF sin hjemmeside hvor også hele notatet kan lastes ned.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
The detection and quantification of plant pathogens in soil can be used to predict the risk to develop disease in the crop. Knowledge of the presence of such pathogens can also be used to plan control strategies for plant disease. The detection of carrot pathogens will be used as and illustrating example. Quality of carrots is influenced by several pathogens. In Norway the carrots are usually harvested in October, and while some carrots are used for immediate consumption, most carrots are stored shorter or longer periods in cold storage. During this storage there may be up to 70% loss due to carrot-rot caused by fungal diseases. The most important of these diseases are liquorice rot caused by the fungus Mycocentrospora acerina and crater rot caused by Fibularhizoctonia carotae. A standard PCR-based assay has been developed that enables us to detect the pathogens in the soil attached to the carrots at harvest. The results from this assay can be used to decide whether the harvested carrots can be stored or rather should be consumed immediately. Another disease, cavity spot, is worldwide considered to be one of the most economically important diseases of carrot. Multiple Pythium species are the cause of cavity spot and the importance of each species have been found to differ from one country to another. Five species of Pythium are the most important in causing cavity spot in Norway: P. violae, P. sulcatum, P. sylvaticum, P. intermedium and what is believed to be a new species, given the preliminary name P. "vipa". We have established standard PCR assays for the detection of all these five Pythium species in soil. These diagnostic assays have also been further developed to allow quantitative detection of these same pathogens by real-time TaqMan PCR. Such a test can potentially be used to analyze fields in order to avoid cropping carrots where the corresponding pathogens are found and the consequent risk of developing cavity spot is high. Another potential benefit for such a test might be to use the test result from a growing field of carrots to predict the need to spray this field with pesticides. The general experience is that it is difficult to extract "good" DNA from soil samples, and inhibition of the PCR reaction is often observed. DNA extraction protocols often need to be optimized to reduce the amount of compounds that otherwise would inhibit PCR, e.g. humic acid, as much as possible. Additional purification steps, dilution of the DNA samples and an adjusted mastermix might reduce the problems. Strategies to improve the PCR-based detection of plant pathogens in soil will be discussed.
Forfattere
Michelle Fountain Jerry Cross Gunnhild Jåstad David HallSammendrag
Three mirids of horticultural importance in the UK have been studied to ascertain the chemicals involved sexual attraction of males to females. Lygus rugulipennis, the European tarnished plant bug, is an important pest of strawberries and raspberries causing malformation of fruit. Lygocoris pabulinus, the common green capsid, is primarily of concern on blackcurrant, but increasingly damaging on raspberry shoots. Finally, Liocoris tripustulatus, the nettle capsid, causes surface scaring on peppers and aubergines. Ordinarily mirids are controlled with sprays or chlorpyrifos. However, increasing demand for zero residues fruit and the eradication of effective pesticides from IPM programmes is rendering crops more susceptable to attack from mirids. The aim of this project is to develop a long-lived, practical lure, attractive to these species, in order to monitor populations so that effective timings of spray applications can be made to control the pests in fruit crops. It has been demonstrated that adult male L. rugulipennis are attracted to traps baited with live virgin females. Volatiles produced by virgin female L. rugulipennis have been identified as, hexyl butyrate, (E)-2- hexenyl butyrate, and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal and elicit electroantennographic (EAG) responses from males in analyses by linked gas chromatography"electroantennography (GC-EAG). We will report results of laboratory and field experiments with blends of the three compounds released from a range of dispensing systems including microcapillary tubes and a piezoelectric dispenser. We have also investigated the effects of various host-plant volatiles on attractiveness and made improvements to trap design and laboratory bioassay procedures.
Forfattere
M Vaarst C Leeb P Nicholas S Roderick Smolders G M Walkenhorst J Brinkman S March E Stöger E Gratzer C Winckler V Lund Britt I.F. Henriksen Berit Hansen M Neale L WistanceSammendrag
Good animal health and welfare is an explicit goal of organic livestock farming, and will need continuous development and adjustment on the farms. Furthermore, the very different conditions in different regions of Europe calls for models that can be integrated into local practice and be relevant for each type of farming context. A European project with participants from seven countries have been established with the aim of developing principles for animal health and welfare planning in organic dairy farming, based on a process where knowledge about the status within a given herd will be included as background for taking decisions and planning future improvements. An important part of the planning process is communication with other farmers as well as animal health and welfare professionals (veterinarians and advisors). Other principles such as systematic evaluation of how the improvements work in the farm ensure the continuity of the planning process. This presentation gives an overview over the current animal health and welfare planning initiatives in the participating countries and lines up the principles which are being gradually implemented in partner countries in collaboration with groups of organic farmers and organisations.
Sammendrag
Over the last decades the forestry sciences have been opened for new topics and methods. In addition to traditional forestry topics they have participated in environmental and ecosystem research. So far this type of research has been perceived as “applied”. From the modelling perspective there has been a misunderstanding among the participating disciplines of the character of knowledge being applied. Here we introduce two types of models of forest utilization and discuss their possibilities and limits for forestry sciences. The first perspective of forests is the one dominating in modelling today and in forestry sciences. It has been adopted from physics. The second perspective of forests has implicitly been adopted in the past for pragmatic reasons.