Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Bjørn Molteberg Bernt Hoel Hans TandsætherSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Erik JonerSammendrag
Et radioforedrag om nanomaterialer og deres potensielle negative miljøeffekter. Både golfkøller, kjøleskap og solkrem har nanoteknologi til felles. Denne teknologien er fremdeles i sin spede barndom men til tross for det er vi fullstendig omgitt av den og vi fungerer alle sammen som en slags forsøkskaniner. Sier dagens foredragsholder seniorforsker ved bioforsk på ÅS, Erik Joner i dette P2-akademiet.
Forfattere
Erik JonerSammendrag
Nanotechnology has many potential future applications that may have a positive impact on the environment, such as more efficient photovoltaic energy generation, safe and efficient H2 storage, reduced energy requirements in electronics, illumination and transport, drinking water purification and remediation of various pollutants. On the other hand, several nanomaterials are suspected to pose risks both to human health and the environment if not properly handled. Hazards like toxicity and ecotoxicity have been demonstrated for a range of engineered nanoparticles, but risks are yet difficult to estimate in a reliable way due to lack of good exposure estimates. This aspect is a major determinant of risk, but difficult to quantify due to the nature of nanoparticles (size, changes in speciation and a range of detection related issues). It is truly a huge task to investigate the environmental impact of nanomaterials. Not only is there an ever increasing number of new nanomaterials being developed and a huge challenge to trace and detect these in organisms, tissues and cells. But in an environmental context there is also additional complications related to estimating exposure, accounting for interactions with environmental matrices like soil and water constituents which will inevitably affect bioavailability, and possible different modes of toxicity affecting organisms as different as bacteria and mammals. In addition to problems related to toxicity, environmental impact also comprises effects on non-living components of the environment, like atmospheric processes, stability of organic matter e.g. in soils etc. which may be affected by the release of nanoparticles in a manner that may affect the environment in more severe ways than local toxicity experienced by individual species.When estimates of environmental hazards and risks are available, it is also an important task to weight risks against costs and benefits. Clearly, a certain level of risk is acceptable if new nanoproducts replace old and more environmentally harmful ones, as may be the case in hull treatment of boats etc. On the other hand side, it is also necessary to take energy consumption during the entire life cycle and other resource costs into account. A recent criticism on the environmental side has thus been that energy requirements in nanomaterial production is disproportionately high and production yields are sometimes very low, as seen e.g. for carbon nanotubes. Not only does this mean high energy consumption and large amounts of potentially hazardous waste, but it also underpins the notion of nanotechnology as a sustainable technology. Yet another criticism regarding sustainability concerns resource economy, which relates particularly to metals like silver and rare earth elements that face depletion within our lifetime if consumption continues at current rates. Widespread use of e.g. antimicrobial silver coatings is strongly contributing to such a depletion, and many claim that its use is both futile and lays a basis for new problems with microbial resistance that will have a negative impact on public health, in addition to having a strong ecotoxicological potential.
Forfattere
Erik JonerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Information given in EN 350-2 on natural durability of different wood species against wood destroying fungi is mainly based on heartwood tested in ground contact. The objective of this study was to test and compare durability of many different wood species in a field test in ground contact. The material consisted of Norwegian wood species able to give sufficient sawn wood dimensions (commercial and less utilised species, indigenous and introduced species) and imported species (Larch from Russia; Oak, Douglas fir and Western Red Cedar from North America; Merbau and Teak from Asia). Additionally, modified wood (thermally modified and tall oil treated) and preservative treated wood (CCA- and Cu-preservative) were included in the test. The wood types, 31 in total, were tested according to EN 252 and EN 350-1 at NTIs test site in Sørkedalen, Norway. Results after five years exposure show that most of the Norwegian grown wood species have low durability. This study also provides information on durability of four species not included in EN 350-2: Juniperus communis, Salix caprea, Sorbus aucuparia and Populus tremula.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
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Forfattere
Trond MæhlumSammendrag
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Forfattere
Liv NilsenSammendrag
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