Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Haukeland Solveig and Sundbye Anette The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is commercially available for slug control in many European countries and is mainly used in home gardens against the grey field slug Deroceras reticulatum. In some European countries it is used against the invasive slug pest Arion lusitanicus. The standard application method for using P. hermaphrodita is by surface application at a rate of 300 000 nematodes per square meter. Several studies have shown that A. lusitanicus individuals above 1 gram are not affected by P. hermaphrodita and field experiments indicate that this standard application method does not significantly reduce slug populations. Traditional molluscicides include an attractant, often wheat based packed around an active chemical ingredient. A slug baiting method, using P. hermaphrodita as the active ingredient, might be a better approach for biological control of slugs rather than surface application. We therefore decided to test the effect of P. hermaphrodita treated baits in laboratory and field studies. Laboratory experiments suggest this approach as promising, also against slugs above 1 gram. Results from ongoing field experiments will be presented and discussed.
Sammendrag
Haukeland Solveig 1, Kalinga, Yonna 2, Mwatawala Maulid.2 & Maerere Amon.2 1Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway. solveig.haukeland@bioforsk.no 2Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Production, P.O. Box 3005 Morogoro, Tanzania. Yonna Kalinga, kalingaye@yahoo.co.uk, Maulid Mwatawala, mwatawala@yahoo.com and Amon Maerere, maerere@yahoo.co.uk Among the most important insect pests in fruit production in Tanzania are fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) these include Bactrocera spp., Ceratitis spp. and Dacus spp. that can significantly reduce yield and fruit quality. Management of fruit flies include cultural control measures such as collecting and destroying infected host fruits, regulatory control (quarantine) and the use of insecticide baits. The best approach for control of fruit flies is to develop an IPM system that include several strategies to reduce the build up of damaging pest populations. Biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are potential candidates within such a system. Naturally occurring EPN isolates in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis have been isolated from a fruit growing area in the Morogoro region in Tanzania. Selected EPN isolates have been tested against larval and pupal stages of three important fruit fly species, Bactrocera invadence, B. cucurbitae and Dacus bivittatus. Results are promising and show that several isolates caused 70% to 90% mortality of larvae for all three fruit fly species. Laboratory studies on the ecological characteristics of selected EPN were also conducted using Galleria mellonella as host.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is commercially available for slug control in many European countries and is mainly used in home gardens against the grey field slug Deroceras reticulatum. It is also used to a certain extent against Arion lusitanicus even though the larger (adult) stages appear to be unaffected. Few studies have examined the efficacy of this nematode on all developmental stages of A. lusitanicus. Results from on-going studies on the effect of P. hermaphrodita on slug eggs and practical use of P. hermaphrodita will be presented.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Margareth S Torn M W I Schmidt S Abiven T Dittmar G Guggenberger I A Janssen M Kleber I Kögler-Knaber J Lehmann D A C Manning P Nannipieri Daniel Rasse S E Trumbore S WeinerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
laurice Cecillion Daniel Rasse Katrin Knoth de Zarruk Alice Budai Roald Sørheim R Janotte G Ragan E Ancelet F Bray JJ Brun S D Danieli C E Thompsson A F Plante G HudsonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Daniel RasseSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Line JohansenSammendrag
Simultaneously expanding and persistent Trifolium repens patches were studied in a nutrient-poor lawn that was frequently cut. Trifolium repens primary stolon growth strategies were analysed in relation to their location inside the patch, and according to patch size. It was hypothesised that different growth strategies inside a patch can explain a both persistent and expanding patch of Trifolium repens, and that growth strategies were different between patch sizes. The result indicated different growth strategies inside and at the border of patches. Trifolium repens stolons at the border were long, grew fast, had few lateral stolons and grew out of the patch while, stolons inside the patch were smaller, grew slowly, and had more lateral stolons and a wide range of growth directions. Growth strategies were not different between patch sizes. The directional growth and the high growth rate at the border will increase the patch size with time, while the growth strategy near the centre consolidates the patch in space and time, by placing ramets inside the patch. These growth strategies together in a patch result in Trifolium repens patches that are simultaneously persistent and on the increase. The results also indicate a division of labour among primary Trifolium repens stolons in a patch.
Forfattere
Lena Jakob Carl-Einar AmundsenSammendrag
Denne rapporten gir et revidert forslag til terskelverdier for de 16 stoffene og stoffgruppene det er definert terskelverdier for i Veileder 1:2009. Blant disse 16 stoffene og stoffgruppene er 11 inkludert i dagens vannforskrift (vedlegg IX). Forslag til terskelverdier for 15 andre stoffer og stoffgrupper som har utslippskilder relevant for norske forhold er også utarbeidet og inkludert i rapporten. Disse stoffene (se tabell 1) ble valgt ut på bakgrunn av aktuelle norske kilder (flyplasser, veier, metall- og aluminiumsindustri, skyte- og øvingsfelt, sigevann og avløpsvann). Stoffenes fysisk-, kjemiske og biologiske egenskaper (vannløselighet, fettløselighet, toksisitet etc.) ble også lagt til grunn for valget. Terskelverdiene som er foreslått er basert på at organismer som lever i vann som er påvirket av grunnvann ikke skal påvirkes negativt over tid pga forekomst av det aktuelle stoffet. Terskelverdiene som er valgt skal være beskyttende for både helse- og miljø. Vendepunktsverdien er satt til 75 % av terskelverdien. For bekjempningsmidler og PAH anbefales det å etablere terskelverdier for enkeltforbindelser. Organismer som lever i vann setter ofte strengere krav til innhold av forurensende stoffer enn mennesker. Terskelverdier for bekjempelsesmidler, kloroform, arsen, kadmium, bly, kvikksølv, krom, nikkel, kobber og fluorid er for eksempel lavere enn dagens grenseverdier for drikkevann.