Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
The exponential increase in the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in a variety of commercially available products has raised concerns about their release into environmental compartments. Soils in particular have been pointed out as a major environmental sink for ENMs, e.g. through the application of sewage sludge to soil. However, data are scarce on the fate of ENMs in soils and on their bioavailability to organisms once ENMs interact with the soil matrix. The main reason for this knowledge gap has been the methodological challenges to trace and quantify ENMs in complex matrices like soils due to the presence of abundant natural nanoparticles (e.g. clays, iron oxides, organic matter). Methods able to overcome this hurdle will be introduced, as well as their limitations. The aim of this lecture is to present the current state of knowledge on the fate, behavior and toxicity of some of the most commercialized ENMs (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metal and metal oxides) in terrestrial ecosystems. We will see the potential modifications ENMs may undergo in soils, namely agglomeration, adsorption to soil constituents, dissolution of particles, effects of pH and organic matter on their speciation, and how these parameters can influence their transport in soil and their bioavailability to organisms. Ecotoxicity will also be addressed, through studies on bacteria, nematodes and earthworms.
Forfattere
Line Emilie Sverdrup Christine Bjørge Ole Martin Eklo Torsten Källqvist Ingeborg Klingen Marit Låg Edgar Rivedal Erik Ropstad Steinar Øvrebø Merete GrungSammendrag
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Forfattere
Per Gundersen Ari Laurén Lena Finér Eva Ring Harri Koivusalo Magne Sætersdal Jan-Olov Weslien Bjarni D. Sigurdsson Lars Högbom Jukka Laine Karin HansenSammendrag
Riparian forests (RF) growing along streams, rivers and lakes comprise more than 2% of the forest area in the Nordic countries (considering a 10 m wide zone from the water body). They have special ecological functions in the landscape. They receive water and nutrients from the upslope areas, are important habitats for biodiversity, have large soil carbon stores, but may emit more greenhouse gases (GHG) than the uplands. In this article, we present a review of the environmental services related to water protection, terrestrial biodiversity, carbon storage and greenhouse gas dynamics provided by RF in the Nordic countries. We discuss the benefits and trade-offs when leaving the RF as a buffer against the impacts from upland forest management, in particular the impacts of clear cutting. Forest buffers are effective in protecting water quality and aquatic life, and have positive effects on terrestrial biodiversity, particularly when broader than 40 m, whereas the effect on the greenhouse gas exchange is unclear.
Forfattere
Arnold ArnoldussenSammendrag
In 2004 the Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Project in Central Asia (TEMP-CA) was established. The project will be closed in 2010. In the project, financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kyrgyzian, Tajik, Uzbek and Norwegian scientists cooperated. Objective for the project was the establishment of terrestrial environmental monitoring reference areas around the Fergana Valley. In total 10 monitoring reference sites were established. As many of the monitoring sites are situated in and around the Fergana valley it is also possible to say something about the environmental status and challenges of this area, including the surrounding mountainous areas. The Fergana Valley was always very important for the food supply of the total region. Today the area has many big challenges concerning management of its natural resources and environmental status.
Forfattere
Andrea FickeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
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Forfattere
Espen GovasmarkSammendrag
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Forfattere
Hallvard JensenSammendrag
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Forfattere
Hallvard JensenSammendrag
Norge har mange store innsjøer med muligheter for ådrive næringsfiske og matproduksjon basert på innlandsfiskeressursene.Næringsfisket har imidlertid mange økologiske og økonomiske flaskehalser som gjørlønnsom drift til litt av en utfordring.