Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim Trond Rafoss Arild SlettenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Leif Sundheim Trond Rafoss Bjørn Økland Christer MagnussonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Changed land use practice is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Abandonment and agricultural intensification are regarded as the most frequent land use changes in semi-natural habitats in Norway. The aim of this project was to explore how colour infrared (CIR) aerial photographs can be used for monitoring and quantifying of encroachment and intensification in semi-natural grassland in Norway.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gro Eggen Ola Hanserud Stein Turtumøygard Petter D. JenssenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gro EggenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Xiaoren Chen Sonja Klemsdal May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
The oomycete Phytophthora cactorum can cause economically important diseases on numerous host plants worldwide, such as crown rot on strawberry. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of P. cactorum on strawberry, transcriptional analysis of P. cactorum during strawberry infection and cyst germination was performed by applying suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and effector-specific differential display (ESDD) techniques. Two SSH cDNA libraries were generated, enriched for P. cactorum genes expressed during infection or during cyst germination, respectively, and 137 unique differentially expressed genes were identified. To specifically select RxLR effector genes from P. cactorum, ESDD was performed using RxLR and EER motif-based degenerate primers. Eight RxLR effector candidate genes as well as 67 other genes were identified out of 124 selected fragments. The expression levels of 20 putatively up-regulated genes were further analyzed using real-time RT-PCR, showing that, indeed 19 of these 20 genes were up-regulated during at least one of the studied developmental stages or during strawberry crown invasion, relative to the mycelium. This study provides a first overview of P. cactorum genes that are up-regulated immediately prior to or during strawberry infection and also provides a novel method for selecting RxLR effector genes from the unsequenced genome of P. cactorum.
Forfattere
Leif SundheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Tracers can be used to monitor emisions of leachate from landfills, in order to detect hydrological pathways and to evaluate environmental pollution. We investigated the occurrence of the stable carbon isotope ratio (13C measured in dissolved inorganic carbon, or d13C-SCO2) and tritium (3H), in addition to parameters commonly found in relatively high concentrations in leachate such as chloride (Cl), organic matter (COD), nitrogen (Total and NH4-N), iron (Fe), electrical conductivity and pH. The sampling was performed at seven landfills in the south-eastern part of Norway during a period of 5 years. The objective was to evaluate the potential for tracing leachate in the environment with emphasis on groundwater pollution. By analyzing the d13C-SCO2 ratio in leachates, ground waters and surface waters the influence of leachate can be identified. The content of d13C-SCO2 varied from -5.5 to 25.9‰ in leachate, from -25.4 to 14.7‰ in groundwater, and varied between -19.7 to -13.1‰ in creeks. A comparison of the content of carbon isotope ratio with the concentrations of the compounds COD, electrical conductivity, Total- and NH4-N, Cl and Fe showed that d13C-SCO2 is a good tracer for leachate due to higher sensitivity compared to other parameters. The mean concentration of all the studied parameters was higher in the leachate samples, however, only the carbon isotope ratio showed significant differences between all of the groups strongly and weakly polluted and unpolluted samples, showing that it can be used as a practical tracer for lechate in groundwater and surface water. The carbon isotope ratioshowed strong correlation between nitrogen and electrical conductivity, and bicarbonate, but not with pH. Tritium was only found sporadically in low concentrations and is considered not suitable as a tracer at the sampled locations.
Sammendrag
SUMMARY: With new legislation regarding the waste sector we have studied changes in the average compostion of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills from 1998 to 2002, compared to 2005 to 2010, based on standard monitoring programmes from six landfiills. As expected the concentrations of BOD and phosphorous have been reduced in the studied period, but not COD. Nitrogen and sulphur seem to have increased. As intended also Cd, Cr and Hg whereas Pb seems to have been increased. Also salt elements, such as Na and K, increased. Most organic parameters are reduced except for oil and pesticides. The treatment at the six locations seems to be as effective as expected