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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2012

Sammendrag

Fossils document the existence of trees and wood-associated organisms from almost 400 million years ago, and today there are between 400,000 and 1 million wood-inhabiting species in the world. This is the first book to synthesise the natural history and conservation needs of wood-inhabiting organisms. Presenting a thorough introduction to biodiversity in decaying wood, the book studies the rich diversity of fungi, insects and vertebrates that depend upon dead wood. It describes the functional diversity of these organisms and their specific habitat requirements in terms of host trees, decay phases, tree dimensions, microhabitats and the surrounding environment. Recognising the threats posed by timber extraction and forest management, the authors also present management options for protecting and maintaining the diversity of these species in forests as well as in agricultural landscapes and urban parks.

Til dokument

Sammendrag

This Technical brief is a short summary of the results obtained from the laboratory and field trials conducted by Climarice project team, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the potentials of microbial inoculants (biofertilizers) such as Blue Green Algae, Azolla and Phosphobacteria in minimizing the impacts of climate change in rice cultivation by nutrient supplementation, methane emission reduction and carbon sequestration. Cyanobacteria (Blue green algae) as a biofertilizer for rice in supplementing nitrogen is highly promising as the rice field ecosystem provides congenial environment for this self supporting diazotroph. Azolla is a floating water fern that also fixes atmospheric nitrogen. Azolla and Cyanobacteria have been identified as eco-friendly natural nitrogen fixers in the rice field ecosystem. A judicious use of these blue green algae could provide entire rice acreage of India as much nitrogen as obtained from 15-17 lakh tonnes of urea. Cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation helps to minimize the over dependence of chemicals, in particular, urea in rice farming and also enhances the use efficiency of nitrogen by releasing ammonia constantly to the rice crop.

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Sammendrag

Biofuels are promoted all over the world as alternatives to fossil fuels in the transport sector. Their increasing popularity is due to three beneficial outcomes. First of all biofuels represent a carbon neutral energy source, as these fuels are based on biological material, and hence the emissions from these fuels belong in the natural circulation. Secondly biofuels represent an advantage considering energy security, as through diversifying the energy use, states can become less dependent on the international oil market. Lastly the biofuels for transport represent a possible additional income source for the agricultural sector, since the production of biofuels represents an alternative to traditional agricultural activities. At the same time however, the production and consumption of biofuels is criticized both related to ecological and social concerns. The ecological considerations relate to the fact that the life cycle analyses of biofuels have revealed that some types do not give the GHG-emission reductions that were initially promised, and to the cultivation model of biofuels, which is based on large plantations, many times lead to the degradation of local ecological conditions of soil, air and water. The social considerations relate to the possible impact on food prices, as biofuels today are produced mainly from food crops, and to the fact that the production of biofuels seldom leads to the proposed rural development benefits, and in some developing countries their production means exploitation of local inhabitants. The EU is an increasingly important actor at the world biofuels scene, and this report investigates the development of the current EU biofuels policy. The analysis is based on official EU documents regarding biofuels from the beginning of the 1980s up until today, mainly focusing on four different directives. These directives, and relevant accompanying documents, are analysed through a broad institutional approach, applying Peters (2005), Pierson (1996) and Egeberg (2004). A core assumption within an institutional approach is that one should seek knowledge about the institutional framework in order to understand and explain policy outcomes. These theories are also applicable to the EU level, as through time these institutions have become highly institutionalized, and developed from their original scope. The institutional approach also includes the context as an important source of influence to the development of policy. The research question of the study has been: how has the EU biofuels policy developed, and how can these developments be explained using an institutional approach? […]