Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Nina Opstad Jon Anders StavangSammendrag
Den siste helga i september samla eit tjuetals produsentar, rådgjevarar og forskarar seg i Østfold for å diskutere korleis ein kan få opp produksjonen av norske hageblåbær. Entusiasmen var stor og, og kanskje markerer møtet starten på ein ny opptur for næringa?
Sammendrag
To bioforskarar tok turen til Finland og universitetet i Helsinki for å diskutere prosjektsamarbeid over landegrensene. Dei vart imponert over måten finnane jobbar på , og kva ressursar dei har tilgjengeleg.
Forfattere
Jon Anders Stavang Eivind VangdalSammendrag
Olje og såpe er i ferd med å verte eit obligatorisk hjelpemiddel både i konvensjonell og økologisk frukt- og bærdyrking i kampen mot mange skadedyr, t.d. bladmidd i bringebær eller bladlus i søtkirsebær. Lite er kjent om kva effekt bruken av olje og såpe har på plantevekst, men ein har rekna med at det ikkje har hatt for store negative verknader på planteveksten. Det er ikkje nødvendigvis rett.
Forfattere
Johannes Andre Folkestad Arve ArsteinSammendrag
Kutting,alternativ til sprøyting Lys- og knappsiv er fleirårige rotugras som formeirar seg effektivt både ved hjelp av frø og ved skot frå etablerte jordstenglar (rhizom/ tilsvarande som for kveke). For å finne alternative metodar til sprøyting (MCPA, Mekoprop), er det etablert eit forsøksfelt for å prøve om kutting med ryddesag kan vere eit alternativ. Vi skal prøve ut effekten av ulike kuttehøgder og kuttetidspunkt,der høgste kuttehøgde tilsvarar låg stubbing med beitepussar (om lag 2cm overjordyta) og eit lågt kuttenivå (om lag2cm under jordyta).
Forfattere
Øyvind Vatshelle Johannes Andre Folkestad Liv OstremSammendrag
Forsøk med mineralgjødsel mot lyssiv i eng syner at intensiv gjødslinghar god effekt med omsyn til å svekke konkurranseevna og sivvekst. Sterkgjødsling fører også til at nitrogenkrevjande ugrasartar som høymole, trivstgodt i enga.
Forfattere
Johannes Andre Folkestad Liv Ostrem Jan NetlandSammendrag
Soft rush (Juncus effusus L.) and compact rush (J.conglomeratus L.) have spread significantly in coastal parts of Norway during the past two decades, an increase that seems to have coincided with an observed rise in winter temperatures. This study investigated the effects of exposure to frost on plant regrowth of both species. Exposure to temperatures of -8 to -10°C for more than 6 h resulted in significantly lower regrowth ability compared with non-frozen controls. Regrowth was still observed after 72 h, but with significantly lower regrowth ability for soft rush than for compact rush at 48h and 72 h. These initial results indicate that soft rush is more susceptible to frost than compact rush. However, the species did not differ significantly in frost tolerance.
Forfattere
Matthias ZielkeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
VKM"s Panel 9 gives the following main conclusions of part 2 of the risk assessment: 1) Under the present climatic conditions, and if no control measures are taken, an introduction of PWN to the PRA area will not cause increased pine tree mortality. The level of uncertainty of this assessment is low. 2) Assuming the IS92a climate change scenario for the period 2000-2049 (RegClim), which involves a ~2 ºC temperature increase by the end of the period, an introduction of PWN to the PRA area will, if no control measures are taken, cause a minor increase in pine tree mortality (300 trees per year on average). The mortality can become larger if the temperature increases more than 2 ºC, and will gradually increase with time after 2049 due to spread of PWN. The level of uncertainty of these assessments is medium to high. 3) Any effects of PWN presence in the PRA area on export of wood and wood products will be of little importance. The level uncertainty of this assessment is low. 4) It will be almost impossible to eradicate PWN once it has been introduced to the PRA area. The level of uncertainty of this assessment is low. 5) The cost of a single eradication event as described in the preliminary contingency plan for the PRA area is approximately 700 mill. NOK. Due to expected spread, the total cost of eradication attempts following one introduction event will be approximately 2000 mill. NOK for the first 50 years. The level of uncertainty of these assessments is medium. 6) The negative effects of the control measures on the environment will be major. The level of uncertainty of this assessment is low.
Forfattere
Liv Ostrem Mats Høglind Åsbjørn Karlsen Petter Marum Anne Marte Tronsmo Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
An important aim for the project "Understanding the genetic and physiological basis for adaptation of Norwegian perennial forage crops to future climates" is to generate plant material of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) adapted to a variety of climatic conditions which might be used for selection of future cultivars. Mechanistic modelling of plant performance under climate change will be used to identify target traits for these cultivars, and during the project period of 2010-2013 main challenges for winter survival and persistence as well as for early growth in red clover will be elucidated.
Forfattere
Marcel Van Oijen Ad Schapendonk Mats HøglindSammendrag
Background and Aims The carbon balance of vegetation is dominated by the two large fluxes of photosynthesis (P) and respiration (R). Mechanistic models have attempted to simulate the two fluxes separately, each with their own set of internal and external controls. This has led to model predictions where environmental change causes R to exceed P, with consequent dieback of vegetation. However, empirical evidence suggests that the R : P ratio is constrained to a narrow range of about 0·4-0·5. Physiological explanations for the narrow range are not conclusive. The aim of this work is to introduce a novel perspective by theoretical study of the quantitative relationship between the four carbon fluxes of P, R, growth and storage (or its inverse, remobilization). Methods Starting from the law of conservation of mass - in this case carbon - equations are derived for the relative magnitudes of all carbon fluxes, which depend on only two parameters: the R : P ratio and the relative rate of storage of carbon in remobilizable reserves. The equations are used to explain observed flux ratios and to analyse incomplete data sets of carbon fluxes. Key Results The storage rate is shown to be a freely varying parameter, whereas R : P is narrowly constrained. This explains the constancy of the ratio reported in the literature. With the information thus gained, a data set of R and P in grassland was analysed, and flux estimates could be derived for the periods after cuts in which plant growth is dominated by remobilization before photosynthesis takes over. Conclusions It is concluded that the relative magnitudes of photosynthesis, respiration, growth and substrate storage are indeed tightly constrained, but because of mass conservation rather than for physiological reasons. This facilitates analysis of incomplete data sets. Mechanistic models, as the embodiment of physiological mechanisms, need to show consistency with the constraints.