Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Nicolae Scarlat Jean-Francois Dallemand Odd Jarle Skjelhaugen Dan Asplund Lars NesheimSammendrag
This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian biomass resources for bioenergy use, bioenergy market and frame conditions through a comparison with Denmark, Finland and Sweden, which have a leading role in bioenergy production in the European Union. Although the contribution of renewable energy in Norway is among the highest in Europe (58%), mainly due to hydroelectricity, bioenergy has a low contribution to Norwegian energy supply (6%). As the experience from the other EU Member States showed, long-term, stable policies and relatively strong incentives are needed to initiate and build up a bioenergy market. In Norway, there is still a significant available potential for increasing the bioenergy contribution to the energy supply. The abundance and relatively low prices of energy (i.e. fossil fuels, electricity), in connection with the need of high investment costs, did not favour so far bioenergy production. Additional forest biomass may be mobilised in Norwayby more intensive management of currently exploited forests. However, there are several limitations related to topography, accessibility and economics. The biomass resources and the full range of technologies available for heat or electricity generation both at small and large scale that can provide good opportunities for increased bioenergy production. The experience gained in Denmark, Finlandand Sweden may be relevant for Norway, as well as for other EU Member States, where there is a deficit of mobilization of biomass resources and insufficient industrial integration of bioenergy with other forest-based sectors.
Forfattere
Maria Strandberg Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Presentation for foreign visitors
Forfattere
Geir Kjølberg Knudsen Hans Ragnar NorliSammendrag
Rognebærmøll Argyresthia conjugella benytter rogn (Sorbus aucuparia) som vertsplante der larven lever i bærene av frø og fruktkjøtt. Hvert andre til fjerde år har rogn så lite bær at møllen er tvunget til å finne en annen vert. Den går derfor til angrep på eple hvor den gjør stor skade for epledyrkere. Tradisjonelle plantevernmidler som azinfosmetyl er nå trukket tilbake og nye bekjempningsmetoder som er basert på at hunner tiltrekkes av plantelukter for å lokalisere eggleggingsplasser, kan redusere antall egg som legges. Luktstoffer fra rogn og eple oppkonsentreres med dynamisk headspace på en adsorbent og elueres med heksan. Heksanekstraktet fortynnes i etanol som sprøytes ut i en vindtunnel ved hjelp av en ultrasonisk dyse. Adferden observeres som tiltrekning/ikke tiltrekning mot vindretningen. I tillegg analyseres heksanekstraktet med GC-MS. Ved Bioforsk Plantehelse har vi bygget opp en database med massespektra av luktstoffer og tilhørende Kovats retensjonsindekser. Siden luktprøver inneholder svært mange komponenter som kan overlappe hverandre, benyttes AMDIS (Automatic Mass spectral Deconvolution and Identification System) for å "rense" overlappende massespektra. Metoden benyttes til screening og kvantifisering av luktprøver og gir relativt rask informasjon om innholdet i prøven. Ved kobling av informasjon om adferd, kjemiske analyser og elektrofysiologi, kan man finne ut hvilke luktstoffer som enten virker tiltrekkende, frastøtende eller er irrelevante. Potesialet for massefangst av rognebærmøll kan undersøkes med syntetiske luktblandinger i vindtunnel og i felt med dispensere/feller.
Forfattere
Agnethe Christiansen Hans Ragnar NorliSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Holger LangeSammendrag
Spatial dependencies among environmental variables are often quantified by spatial autocorrelation functions. The latter basically assume linearity and isotropy, requirements usually not satisfied for measured data. Typical symptoms of violated assumptions are biased parameter estimations. Relaxing the assumptions of linear dependencies and isotropy, we present a conceptual generalization of spatial analysis where locally varying anisotropies in the geographical space are uncovered by investigating nonlinear dependencies among observations. The framework is illustrated by generalizing two examples: distance decay relations and spatial filtering. The proposed alternative is based on geodesic ecological and anisotropic spatial distances.
Forfattere
Frank MillerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
Grain angle was observed on 178 discs equally spaced along each of 24 mostly quite large spruce stems, and a general model estimated for grain angle variation along the radial distance from pith. Due to the three-dimensional approach and the large-size stems, new variability was identified, as compared to traditional two-dimensional approach applied on moderate-sized stem discs. The model standard error was 2.3º; half of this variation can be attributed to combined stem and disc effects, and half to purely random variation. Standard error for the model estimated for individual discs was 1.6 º. Observed against the stem centroid, pith angle varies randomly with average close to zero and standard deviation 2.2º. The results should be applicable for wood quality modelling and for commercial sawn timber production.
Forfattere
Mette Vaarst Christoph Winckler Stephen Roderick Gidi Smolders Silvia Ivemeyer Jan Brinkman Cecilie Marie Mejdell Lindsay k Whistance Pip Nicholas Michael Walkenhorst Christine Leeb Solveig March Britt IF Henriksen Elisabeth Stöger Elisabeth Gratzer Berit Hansen Johann HuberSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Utilizing animal slurry to produce biogas may reduce fossil fuel usage and emissions of greenhouse gases. However, there is limited information on how the recycling of digested slurry as a fertilizer impacts soil fertility in the long run. This is of concern because organic matter in the slurry is converted to methane, which escapes the on-farm carbon cycle. In 2010, a study of this question was initiated on the organic research farm in Tingvoll, Norway. So far, a biogas plant has been built, producing anaerobically digested slurry to be compared with undigested slurry in perennial ley and arable crops. Effects on crop yields, soil fauna, microbial communities, soil structure, organic matter and nutrient concentrations are measured.
Forfattere
Britt I.F. HenriksenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag