Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2003
Forfattere
Trond Hofsvang Heidi Heggen Helge Sjursen Ingun Fjærbu Anne G. Kraggerud Katrine T. Persson Anna Mehl Knut Elkjær Anne Marie Heiberg Reidunn Stokke Roger Holten Ole Martin Eklo Nils Bjugstad Dag Frode FridheimSammendrag
Brukere av plantevernmidler ønsker å produsere trygg mat og forvalte naturressursene på en god måte. Kunnskap om riktig bruk og handtering av plantevernmidlene er en forutsetning for å oppfylle dette ønsket. Slike kunnskaper vil dessuten bidra til bedre økonomi i planteproduksjonen. Med "Handlingsplan for redusert bruk av plantevernmidler (1990-1994)" ønsket Stortinget å legge til rette for, og sikre slike kunnskaper hos alle brukere av plantevernmidler gjennom et organisert kursopplegg med avsluttende eksamen som gir rett til et personlig autorisasjonsbevis også kalt sprøytesertifikat. Etter evalueringg av handlingsplanen vedtok Landbruksdepartementet en ny handlingsplan "Handlingsplan for redusert risiko ved bruk av plantevernmidler (1998-2002)". I denne videreføres autorisasjonsordningen. Denne boka gir deg oppdatert basiskunnskap om riktig bruk og handtering av plantevernmidler. Boka inngår i kursmateriellet til autorisasjonsordningen for handtering og bruk av plantevernmidler.
2002
Sammendrag
Isoproturon is a herbicide which is fairly soluble in water and is considered a risk compound for leaching to surface and ground water. The fungicide metalaxyl is even more water soluble than isoproturon and can be rapidly leached from sandy soil that are low in organic matter. Transformation rates of isoproturon and metalaxyl in a silty clay loam and a sandy loam from Norway have been studied in the laboratory as well as in the field. Production of the metabolites monodesmethyl-isoproturon, didesmethyl-isoproturon and the acid-metabolite of metalaxyl were also monitored.
Sammendrag
Degradation and dissipation studies in laboratory and field were performed with isoproturon (IPU) to produce data for modelling the fate of an autumn applied pesticide in a Gleyic Podzoluvisol in Norway. Transformation rate studies of IPU in the laboratory displayed a half-life of 13 days in the topsoil (0-20 cm) and 21 days in the subsoil (20-40 cm) at 20 degrees C. The production of two major metabolites were also studied. In the field, less than 9% of the IPU applied leached further than 20 cm. The half-life of IPU in the field was 21 days.
Sammendrag
The runoff from the drainage Hydrology. A satisfactory simulation is dependent on that the amount of water, which leaches to the drainage, is reflected in the model. According to Resseler et al. (1996), the difference between the calculated and the observed amount of water should not exceed 25% during a year. For the blind test with no changes in the parameters for 1994/95, there is a difference of 45%. The main reason for this is that the model is unable to simulate the last runoff in the spring. This is a reocurring problem for all of the years, both for surface and drainage runoff. The active substance in the ditch water. All of the measured concentrations have been less than 1 µg/L. According to Resseler et al. (1996), the difference between the calculated and the observed amount should not exceed a factor of 10. All of the simulated concentrations have been within this range. Surface runoff Hydrology. The simulations of the hydrology has not exceeded the recommended limit of 25% difference between simulated and measured values. However, the simulations are poor when it comes to modelling the distribution of the runoff events throughout the year. The model simulates an earlier runoff than observed and it is also very poor at simulating the runoff in April. The active substance in the draianage water. Most of the measurements performed have given pesticide concentrations less than 1 µg/L. With the exception of a few of the measurements, all of the simulated values lie within the recommended factor of 10. Those values that differ from this, have been events where the model has simulated runoff in connection with the application of the pesticides to the field, when the volume of runoff water has been too small to sample. The total runoff of pesticides in the catchment. Table 6 displays how much the pesticide runoff constitutes in relation to the concentrations that were applied in 1993 and 1994. In total, pesticide runoff separately constitutes less than 0.1% of the amount originally applied. Surface water. Among the measured pesticides, propiconazol has the largest % runoff (0.05%). The simulated value was 0.1%, and was therefore overestimated in 1994/95, but underestimated in 1993/94. Runoff from the drainages. Only bentazone had concentrations at measurable levels. The values are within a factor of two between the simulated and the measured values for both seasons. The model underestimates the total amount of bentazone in the ditch water both years. When the runoff of the pesticides from all the plots are compared to the amount applied, the simulated results are fitting quite well within the measured range of concentrations. The factor is less than 4 between the simulated and observed concentrations for all plots and pesticides. The model overestimates the runoff of propiconazol in all plots, except one plot. Propiconazol had the highest degree of runoff in 1994/95.
Forfattere
Ole Martin Eklo Olav Lode Randi Bolli Reidun Aspmo Gunnhild Riise Tore Krogstad Brit Salbu Johannes Deelstra Randi BolliSammendrag
In the period 1993-1996 an experimental field with application of the pesticides bentazone, MCPA and dichlorprop was carried out at Mørdre in Akershus. Samples of surface and drainage water were continuous collected from the field, which were 6 ha. The field was a part of a larger area grown with small grain. Surface water samples were collected from four small plots with different soil management. Columns from three different soil types were installed in the field, to study the movement of the pesticides in the upper soil layer. Bentazone was the most frequently found pesticide and with the highest concentrations in the surface runoff. MCPA was detected at the lowest frequency and with the lowest concentration. From the periods with water flow measurements, the pesticide runoff was less than 1 % of the amount added. The concentrations in the surface water were less than 1/10000 of the L(E)C50 - value for the most sensitive water organisms used in toxicological tests. Bentazone was found in all samples of drainage water in 1995 and 1996. In drainage water the concentrations of all pesticides were less than 1/1000 of the L(E)C50 - value for the most sensitive water organism. In the column experiment, there were no indications of accumulation of pesticides in the upper soil layer and the recovery was up to 4 % of added amount one year after the last spraying.
Forfattere
Olav Lode Eliann Egaas Torsten Källqvist Gunnhild Riise Agnethe Christiansen Ole Martin Eklo Marit Almvik Reidun Aspmo Karl Jan Aanes Bjørn Almli Tore Krogstad Quinglan Wu Brit Salbu Marit N. Pettersen Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
Dette er ei bok på 216 sider som er skrevet på engelsk. Den inneholder 17 artikler. Fem institusjoner står bak og 21 forfattere har bidratt. Institusjonene er Planteforsk Plantevernet, Norges landbrukshøyskole (NLH), Senter for jordfaglig miljøforskning (Jordforsk), Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA) og Veterinærinstituttet. Bokens hovedformål er knyttet til miljørisiko av plantevernmidler som bindes til partikler og sedimenteres ut i vann og vassdrag. Blikket blir spesielt rettet mot to forhold: a) Beskrive fordeling og nedbryting av de utvalgte plantevernmidler i sedimenter og vannfase. Denne delen er knyttet til mobilitet, binding, utvasking, nedbryting, overflateavrenning og jordarbeiding. Både jordkolonneforsøk og feltforsøk er utført. Den andre delen b) gir en vurdering av de utvalgte partikkelbundne plantevernmidlene og deres effekter på organismer i sediment og vannfase. Arbeidet knytter seg dels til avgiftningsenzym som biomarkører hos eksponerte organismer som tanglopper, rumpetroll, sneile, meitemark,vannlopper og ørret, dels på effekter (kolonisering) på begroingsalger i førsøksrenner. Arbeidet er utført i tiden fra 1992 til og med 2002. Når det gjelder mer utførlig informasjon om resultat og oppdatert litteratur, viser vi til de respektive artiklene.
Forfattere
Børge Holen Agnethe Christiansen Henriette Leknes Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
This paper describes the methods used for analysis of pesticide residues in the projects described in this work. From January 1995, a multiresidue method using pentafluorobenzyl bromide as the derivatizing agent (Method no. 15) was used for the more polar pesticides as a routine method at the Pesticide Laboratory. Until the end of 1994, another method (no. 08) was used, the main difference being the derivatization step [4]. For the less polar compounds, a multiresidue method (no. 03) was used.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Bjørn Almli Eliann Egaas Agnethe Christiansen Ole Martin Eklo Olav Lode Torsten KällqvistSammendrag
Virkning av tre soppmidler alene og i kombinasjon på glutation transferase aktivitet (GST) og cytokrom P-450 (CYP 1A1) i lever og gjeller til brun ørret (Salmo trutta)
Forfattere
Kim Johansen Børge Holen Agnethe Christiansen Cécile Blom Marianne TomtumSammendrag
I 2001 ble 2618 vegetabilske prøver undersøkt for plantevernmiddelrester, derav var 105 prøver av matkorn. Totalt 169 ulike vareslag ble analyser for inntil 179 forskjellige plantevernmidler. Totalt var 63,6 % av prøvene uten påvisbare rester av plantevernmidler. Gjeldende grenseverdi ble overskredet i 4,9 % av prøvene, hvorav 1,1 % var i norske prøver og 6,8 % var i importerte prøver. Fra et helsefaglig synspunkt kan det konkluderes at restnivået av plnatevermidler i norske og importerte vegetabiler totalt sett anses å representere liten helserisiko for den norske forbruker.