Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have been widely adopted for reconstructing high-quality 3D scenes from 2D RGB images. However, achieving accurate 3D object segmentation within these reconstructed scenes remains challenging. Existing NeRF-based segmentation methods either rely on post-processing (SA3D), which produces noisy point clouds due to the absence of density field optimization, or employ joint training with additional segmentation heads (FruitNeRF), which can lead to suboptimal performance due to conflicting learning objectives. In this work, we propose InvNeRF-Seg (Input-substitution NeRF for Segmentation), a two-stage fine-tuning strategy for 3D object segmentation that preserves the original NeRF architecture and loss function entirely. We first train a standard NeRF on RGB images and then fine-tune it using 2D segmentation masks formatted as RGB-like inputs, without introducing any architectural modifications or additional loss functions. This input-substitution approach reshapes the density field to align with object regions while suppressing background density. We validate InvNeRF-Seg through comprehensive ablation studies examining the roles of density and color MLPs, loss function choices, and training strategies. Field density analysis reveals consistent semantic refinement: densities of object regions increase while background densities are suppressed. Experiments on synthetic fruit datasets and real-world soybean imagery demonstrate that InvNeRF-Seg produces cleaner 3D segmented point clouds compared to both SA3D and FruitNeRF, enabling more accurate downstream object counting. The method is further validated on a self-collected soybean dataset to demonstrate its applicability in real-world agricultural scenarios.
Sammendrag
Defibrert trefiber testes av stadig flere dyrkere, enten som del av en blanding, eller som enkeltstående vekstmedium. Et spørsmål vi ofte blir stilt er hvor mye kalk substratet med trefiber trenger. Trefiber har lav pH når den er fersk, nesten tilsvarende torv, og det har fått mange til å anta at de skal behandles likt. Det er feil. Den lave pH-en forsvinner raskt ved oppstart av planteproduksjon, og kalker du som du ville gjort med torv, blir det surr.
Forfattere
Henk Maessen Siv Mari Aurdal Tomasz Leszek Woznicki Krzysztof Kusnierek Trond Haraldsen Anita SønstebySammendrag
Bruk av trefiber vil redusere miljøbelastningen ved å erstatte energikrevende steinullproduksjon med et fornybart materiale basert på rest-råstoff fra norsk skogindustri. Ved endt bruk kan trefibermaterialet komposteres, brukes som jordforbedringsmiddel eller brennes for energigjenvinning, i motsetning til steinull som ender på deponi. Etter lovende resultater med Fibergrow® trefibermatter i tomat i 2022 og 2023, gjennomførte vi nye forsøk i 2025 for å bekrefte disse funnene.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
2025
Sammendrag
The simultaneous improvement of crop yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) can be potentially achieved through precision N management. In this study, crop modeling, remote sensing, and machine learning were combined to develop and assess a precision N recommendation strategy (MSM-PNM) for maize (Zea mays L.) based on twenty-eight site-years of field experiments conducted in Northeast China involving various N rates and planting densities. For the MSM-PNM strategy, a crop growth model was used at the eight-leaf stage of maize to initially predict the in-season optimal side-dressing N rate (EOSN) by combining current season’s available weather data prior to side-dressing with weather data from previous years for the remaining growing period. Maize N status was then estimated using machine learning models based on data collected with an active canopy sensor along with weather, soil, and management information. Finally, the crop model predicted EOSN was adjusted using the estimated maize N status. The prediction accuracy of EOSN (R2 = 0.70, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 18.60 kg ha−1) based on this integrated MSM-PNM strategy was higher than using crop model only (R2 = 0.65, RMSE = 20.10 kg ha−1). The precision maize management system based on the integrated MSM-PNM strategy decreased N rates by 6–16 % and increased NUE by 8–18 % over farmer practice applying 250 kg N ha−1 as basal N fertilizer without side-dress N application and regional optimal management practice applying split N at fixed rate and timing, while maintaining high grain yield and marginal net return. It is concluded that this new integrated precision N management strategy combining the advantages of crop modeling, remote sensing, and machine learning can significantly increase maize NUE while maintaining high crop yield, thus contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability.
Forfattere
Xiaokai Chen Yuxin Miao Krzysztof Kusnierek Fenling Li Chao Wang Botai Shi Fei Wu Qingrui Chang Kang YuSammendrag
Timely and accurate monitoring of crop nitrogen (N) status is essential for precision agriculture. UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing offers high-resolution data for estimating plant nitrogen concentration (PNC), but its cost and complexity limit large-scale application. This study compares the performance of UAV hyperspectral data (S185 sensor) with simulated multispectral data from DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral (P4M), PlanetScope (PS), and Sentinel-2A (S2) in estimating winter wheat PNC. Spectral data were collected across six growth stages over two seasons and resampled to match the spectral characteristics of the three multispectral sensors. Three variable selection strategies (one-dimensional (1D) spectral reflectance, optimized two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) spectral indices) were combined with Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR), and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to build PNC prediction models. Results showed that, while hyperspectral data yielded slightly higher accuracy, optimized multispectral indices, particularly from PS and S2, achieved comparable performance. Among models, SVM and RFR showed consistent effectiveness across strategies. These findings highlight the potential of low-cost multispectral platforms for practical crop N monitoring. Future work should validate these models using real satellite imagery and explore multi-source data fusion with advanced learning algorithms.
Sammendrag
Interpreting multi-component 1H NMR spectra is difficult due to peak overlap, concentration variability, and low-abundance signals. We cast mixture identification as a single-pass multi-label task. A compact CNN–Transformer (“Hybrid”) model was trained end-to-end on domain-informed and realistically simulated spectra derived from a 13-component flavor library; the model requires no real mixtures for training. On 16 real formulations, the Hybrid attains micro-F1 = 0.990 and exact-match (subset) accuracy = 0.875, outperforming CNN-only and Transformer-only ablations, while remaining efficient (~0.47 M parameters; ~0.68 ms on GPU, V100). The approach supports abstention and shows robustness to simulated outsiders. Although the evaluation set was small, and the macro-ECE (per-class, 15 bins) was inflated by sparse classes (≈0.70), the micro-averaged Brier is low (0.0179), and temperature scaling had negligible effect (T ≈ 1.0), indicating the good overall probability quality. The pipeline is readily extensible to larger libraries and adjacent applications in food authenticity and targeted metabolomics. Classical chemometric baselines trained on simulation failed to transfer to real measurements (subset accuracy 0.00), while the Hybrid model maintained strong performance.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten gir en oversikt over de nyeste teknologiene innen sensorer for overvåking av vekstforhold og planteresponser. Vi ser på teknologiske trender, praktiske bruksområder, databehandling og fremtidige retninger, med særlig relevans for norsk hagebruk og forskningsmiljøer.
Forfattere
Krzysztof KusnierekSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag