Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Authors
Rebecka Ringman Greeley Beck Annica PilgårdAbstract
The effect of wood modification on wood-water interactions in modified wood is poorly understood, even though water is a critical factor in fungal wood degradation. A previous review suggested that decay resistance in modified wood is caused by a reduced wood moisture content (MC) that inhibits the diffusion of oxidative fungal metabolites. It has been reported that a MC below 23%–25% will protect wood from decay, which correlates with the weight percent gain (WPG) level seen to inhibit decay in modified wood for several different kinds of wood modifications. In this review, the focus is on the role of water in brown rot decay of chemically and thermally modified wood. The study synthesizes recent advances in the inhibition of decay and the effects of wood modification on the MC and moisture relationships in modified wood. We discuss three potential mechanisms for diffusion inhibition in modified wood: (i) nanopore blocking; (ii) capillary condensation in nanopores; and (iii) plasticization of hemicelluloses. The nanopore blocking theory works well with cell wall bulking and crosslinking modifications, but it seems less applicable to thermal modification, which may increase nanoporosity. Preventing the formation of capillary water in nanopores also explains cell wall bulking modification well. However, the possibility of increased nanoporosity in thermally modified wood and increased wood-water surface tension for 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) modification complicate the interpretation of this theory for these modifications. Inhibition of hemicellulose plasticization fits well with diffusion prevention in acetylated, DMDHEU and thermally modified wood, but plasticity in furfurylated wood may be increased. We also point out that the different mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and it may be the case that they all play some role to varying degrees for each modification. Furthermore, we highlight recent work which shows that brown rot fungi will eventually degrade modified wood materials, even at high treatment levels. The herein reviewed literature suggests that the modification itself may initially be degraded, followed by an increase in wood cell wall MC to a level where chemical transport is possible.
Authors
Bjørn Egil FløAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Bjørn Egil FløAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Bjørn Egil FløAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Bjørn Egil FløAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Humic substances are important indicators of soil fertility. The fluorescence properties of humic acids from black soils in Harbin, northeast China, were investigated, after long-term fertilization using treatments with or without mineral fertilizer (NPK) and organic manure. Excitation and emission matrices combined with parallel factor analysis were used to investigate the structure of the humic acid. Principal component analysis was performed to select the most suitable parameters for the description of humic acid. The dimension reduction for the original fluorescence parameters extracted two principal components. By using the two principal component scores as a new index for clustering, it was concluded that long-term fertilization treatments in black soil in Harbin clustered into three groups of manure + NPK and organic manure treatments, NPK treatment, and soil without any fertilization. Manure + NPK fertilization and manure fertilization alone led to a higher degree of humification than NPK only or the control. We conclude that long-term fertilization with organic matter with or without NPK could increase the humification degree of these soils.
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
R. Ioos P. Chrétien J. Perrault C. Jeandel C. Dutech P. Gonthier F. Sillo Ari Hietala Halvor Solheim J. HubertAbstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Abstract
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Authors
Hanno Sandvik Dag Dolmen Reidar Elven Tone Falkenhaug Elisabet Forsgren Haakon Hansen Kristian Hassel Vivian Husa Gaute Kjærstad Frode Ødegaard Hans Christian Pedersen Halvor Solheim Bård Gunnar Stokke Per Arvid Åsen Sandra Åström Tor Erik Brandrud Hallvard Elven Anders Endrestøl Anders Gravbrøt Finstad Stein Fredriksen Øivind Gammelmo Jan Ove Gjershaug Bjørn Gulliksen Inger Hamnes Bjørn Arild Hatteland Hanne Hegre Trygve Hesthagen Anders Jelmert Thomas C Jensen Stein Ivar Johnsen Egil Karlsbakk Christer Magnusson Kjell Nedreaas Björn Nordén Eivind Oug Oddvar Pedersen Per Anker Pedersen Kjersti Sjøtun Jon Kristian Skei Heidi Solstad Leif Sundheim Jon E Swenson Per Ole Syvertsen Venche Talgø Vigdis Vandvik Kristine B Westergaard Rupert Wienerroither Bjørnar Ytrehus Olga Hilmo Snorre Henriksen Lisbeth GederaasAbstract
This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in [Biological Invasions] Locked until 3.8.2020 due to copyright restrictions. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02058-x