Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2003
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
We studied four south-facing and three north-facing boreal spruce forest stands (ca. 0.1ha each) in SE Norway with the aim of testing the hypothesis that former logging has long-term effects on boreal forest-floor vegetation. The stand series comprised unlogged natural forests and forests that were selectively or clear cut 6070 years prior to our study. Each stand was described with respect to history of forestry impact and tree-stand structure.Environmental, species number, species abundance and species composition (vegetation gradients obtained as ordination axes) variables obtained for 25 m1m plots in each stand were tested for among-stand differences. Significant among-stand differences were found, partly related to former forest management and partly due to among-stand differences in topography.Differences among stands related to management were found for tree stand density, highest in managed stands, and for Dryopteris expansa agg. and Luzula pilosa abundances, peaking in formerly clear-cut stands. Species number (at plot or stand scales) was weakly related to former management.On southerly as well as northerly aspects, gradients in species composition were found that separated plots according to former management. Differences among stand conditioned on topography resulted in opposite patterns in the two series of stands because among southerly stands the clear cut was the least while among northerly the clear cut was the most strongly sloping. Low-inclination sites tended more strongly to be paludified and to have high Sphagnum cover, and to have low abundance of specific microsites with small mosses and hepatics. Vegetation gradients related to soil moisture and microtopography were found for both aspects.A strong gradient in species composition related to tree influence at within-stand scales was found, with variation in species number. Existence of such a gradient should provide for significant biotic effects (of short or long duration) of the environmental changes that take place during forest re-growth: (1) the immediate creation of small or large tree-layer gaps by tree felling; and (2) the closing of the tree layer during the regeneration phase.Most notably, the phases at which the tree layer reaches minimum and maximum cover, respectively, may act as `bottlenecks\" for survival of forest-floor species. We conclude that forestry impacts understorey vegetation by way of changes in tree-layer structure and, to a lesser extent, substrate availability and the local environment, during forest regrowth. The extent and duration of this impact will depend on a complex set of factors.Our results are consistent with the view that if maintenance of species diversity is aimed at, environmental considerations should be built into forest management practices, preferably by mimicking the natural structural dynamics of the tree layer.
Forfattere
Yi He Jixi Gao Haiying Liu Zhengtao Liu Feng Liu Xiaoshan Zhang Jingheng Guo Yanhui Wang He Shang Pengtao Yu Jianhua Zhu Jingjun Han Bin Yao Xiyon Hu Xiaoquan Zhang Min Shao Limin Zeng Lei Jin Lei Duan Quanru Liu Dawei Zhao Dongbao Zhang Shengliang Chen Renjun Xiang Yi Chang Jinhong Zhang Jiahai Luo Zhanyi Zhang Jinsong Xiao Xiaoyu Peng Rolf David Vogt Hans Martin Seip Wenche Aas Kjetil Tørseth Jan Mulder Trine Sogn Odd Eilertsen Tonje Økland Harald Bratli Valter Angell Svein Solberg Tor Myking Espen Lydersen Thorjørn Larssen Dagang TangSammendrag
Sulphur deposition is high at all IMPACTS sites and exceed maximum levels observed in Europe and North-America. Dry deposition equals or exceeds wet deposition. The IMPACTS data, in particular those from the remote Lei Gong Shan site clearly document long-range transport of air pollutants. Due to the actual and future energy combustion and emission strategy in China, the long-range transport of air pollutants may significantly increase with subsequent increased environmental damage in rural and remote areas in China. In addition to sulphur deposition, depositions of reactive nitrogen (nitric acid and ammonia) and calcium are also important and clearly demonstrate that pH alone is not a good indicator for acid deposition. High concentrations of ground level ozone, above critical levels for vegetation and forest, are observed at the Liu Xi He site in Guangdong province. Soil acidification gives rise to high concentrations of toxic aluminium in soil water at several sites. At the Tie Shan Ping site in Chongqing aluminium occurs at a level where long-term harmful effects on trees might be expected. Defoliation and mortality have been severe, however, fairly stable. Insect attacks are apparently a major cause, but enhanced insect attacks might be an indirect effect of health weakening due to acidification. Defoliation has been considerable also in Liu Chong Guan in Guiyang, while the three other catchments had minor defoliation only. High foliar nitrogen concentrations are seen in Lei Gong Shan in Guizhou and Cai Jia Tang in Hunan, accompanied by low P/N-ratios. Statistical tests of vegetation change, so far only implemented in Liu Chong Guan, revealed minor changes in number and abundances of vascular plants, but a significant decline in number of bryophytes. This decline is probably related to climatic year-to-year variations. Data from other catchments and longer time periods are needed to identify vegetation changes related to soil acidification or direct effects of air pollutants. Modelling results from Tie Shan Ping suggest that the currently planned 20% reduction in sulphur emissions is far from sufficient to avoid further acidification. As more data are generated, dose-response relationships, critical load estimates and model predictions will obviously be improved.
Forfattere
Øystein Johnsen Carl Gunnar Fossdal Rüdiger Baumann Jørgen A. Mølmann Ola Gram Dæhlen David Clapham Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
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2002
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Per Holm NygaardSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Denne rapporten gjev resultat i tre avkomforsøk med vanleg gran etter open pollinering i skog. Formålet med registreringane var å studere overleving, vekst og kvalitet for å gje grunnlag for utval av avlstre til produksjon av juletre. Forsøka ligg på Jord gard i Vestby kommune. Materialet omfatta tre seriar med avkom: 137 avlstre frå Hedmark, 48 avlstre frå Telemark og Vestfold og 114 avlstre frå Oppland og Hedmark. Til kvar serie vart det brukt frå seks til ti kontrollsortar av halvsyskenfamiliar og handelsfrøparti frå frøplantasjar, proveniensar og avlstre etter open pollinering i andre seriar. Vurdering av juletrekvalitet vart gjort 10 vekstsesongar etter såing. Høgd og høgdetilvekst vart registrert på alle overlevande tre. På alle tre med høgd ein meter eller meir, vart det óg registrert største trebreidd, tal greiner i øvste krans og tal internodiegreiner på fjorårstoppskotet, i tillegg til eventuelle skadar og feil. Overlevinga var i gjennomsnitt 83-84 % for avlstrea. Juletreutbyttet viste i gjennomsnitt ingen sikre forskjellar mellom avlstrea og kontrollane for nokon av seriane. Dei tre forsøksseriane viser likevel at det finst einskilde avlstre med relativt høgt juletreutbytte blant det store talet avlstre i kvar serie. Når ein ser bort frå frostskadar i registreringsåret, gav dei tre beste avlstrea i kvar serie eit juletreutbytte på 40-47 % i serien frå Hedmark, 38-40 % i serien frå Telemark og Vestfold og 43-53 % i serien frå Oppland og Hedmark. Skeiv og krokete stamme var saman med sommarfrost dei vanlegaste årsakene til vraking av juletre. Dei beste avlstrea i kvar serie bør foredlast vidare i kontrollerte parkrysningar for å auke juletreutbyttet. Ei førebels tilråding om bruk av avlstre til juletreproduksjon på Austlandet er gjeven.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Tor MykingSammendrag
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